Costa Alice, Astolfi Annalisa, Gozzellino Livia, Nannini Margherita, Pasquinelli Gianandrea, Pantaleo Maria Abbondanza
IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Biomolecules. 2025 Feb 11;15(2):265. doi: 10.3390/biom15020265.
Uterine mesenchymal tumors (UMTs) are the second most common type of tumors within the uterus corpus after endometrial carcinomas. Among the UMTs, smooth muscle neoplasms are the most common subtype, followed by endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). ESSs are uncommon malignancies characterized by molecular heterogeneity and an aggressive behavior. Their management poses significant challenges, particularly for high-grade subtypes. Surgery is the primary intervention for localized disease, while the role of adjuvant therapies, including radiation and chemotherapy, must be better investigated. Hormonal therapy has shown efficacy in low-grade cases but limited success in high-grade tumors. Recent advancements in molecular profiling have revealed potential targets, offering promise for personalized treatments. However, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes, particularly for advanced and recurrent disease. This review offers a perspective on the possible novel therapeutic approaches based on the most recent molecular analyses performed on endometrial stromal sarcomas.
子宫间叶肿瘤（UMTs）是子宫体中仅次于子宫内膜癌的第二常见肿瘤类型。在UMTs中，平滑肌肿瘤是最常见的亚型，其次是子宫内膜间质肉瘤（ESS）。ESS是罕见的恶性肿瘤，具有分子异质性和侵袭性。其治疗带来了重大挑战，尤其是对于高级别亚型。手术是局限性疾病的主要干预手段，而包括放疗和化疗在内的辅助治疗的作用仍需进一步研究。激素疗法在低级别病例中显示出疗效，但在高级别肿瘤中成效有限。分子谱分析的最新进展揭示了潜在靶点，为个性化治疗带来了希望。然而，迫切需要新的治疗策略来改善患者预后，特别是对于晚期和复发性疾病。本综述基于对子宫内膜间质肉瘤进行的最新分子分析，对可能的新型治疗方法提出了一种观点。
