Therapeutic Interventions for Music Performance Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and evaluate the published literature on interventions for treating music performance anxiety (MPA). Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search of three electronic databases was conducted: PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychInfo (Ovid). Records were included in this review if they were quantitative pre-post interventional studies that utilised a recognised outcome measure or a clinical diagnosis for evaluating MPA. A narrative synthesis was orchestrated on 40 extracted studies assessing 1365 total participants. The principal intervention types observed included cognitive behavioural therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, music therapy, yoga and/or mindfulness, virtual reality, hypnotherapy, biofeedback, and multimodal therapy. Although most of the reviewed studies demonstrated encouraging improvements in musicians' MPA following delivered interventions, the current evidence base remains in its infancy, and numerous methodological weaknesses exist across studies. Small sample sizes, heterogeneity amongst treatment programmes, lack of follow-up data, a scarcity of standardised MPA assessments, and few randomised controlled designs render it imprudent to draw definitive recommendations concerning the interventions' efficacy.