Krystalli Evangelia, Thomaidis Nikolaos, Kritikou Anastasia S, Kokkinos Christos
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Hellenic Research & Innovation Center (HRIC), YIOTIS S.A., 12131 Athens, Greece.
Foods. 2025 Feb 18;14(4):693. doi: 10.3390/foods14040693.
The popularity of Greek-style yogurt (made from cow, ewe, and goat milk) has grown significantly in recent years thanks to its high protein content, nutritional value, and unique creamy texture, making it vulnerable to illegal practices, such as adulteration. In the present work, a fast and reliable matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based methodology was developed for the detection of yogurt adulteration with cow milk powder, exploiting the intact protein profile. An integrated protein-based workflow was established for the detection of as little as 1% cow milk powder addition into cow and goat milk yogurt. Simultaneously, markers for yogurt classification based on their animal origin (cow, ewe, or goat), type (traditional or strained), and thermal treatment of milk were revealed for the first time. Statistical analysis using chemometric tools, such as unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) recognition techniques, were implemented for the discrimination/classification of the yogurt samples.
近年来，希腊式酸奶（由牛奶、羊奶和山羊奶制成）因其高蛋白含量、营养价值和独特的乳脂质地而大受欢迎，这使其容易受到掺假等非法行为的影响。在本研究中，开发了一种基于基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）的快速可靠方法，利用完整的蛋白质谱检测酸奶中牛奶粉的掺假情况。建立了一个基于蛋白质的综合工作流程，用于检测向牛奶和山羊奶酸奶中添加低至1%的牛奶粉。同时，首次揭示了基于酸奶动物来源（牛、羊或山羊）、类型（传统或过滤型）以及牛奶热处理的酸奶分类标记。使用化学计量学工具进行统计分析，如无监督主成分分析（PCA）和有监督偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）识别技术，用于酸奶样品的鉴别/分类。
