Rosowicz Andrew, Hewitt Daniel Brock
Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Feb 8;17(4):576. doi: 10.3390/cancers17040576.
: The foreign-born population in the United States has reached a record high over the last three years. Significant disparities in cancer screening rates exist among this population, resulting in later-stage diagnoses and worse outcomes. This narrative review explores the sociodemographic factors, barriers, and interventions influencing cancer screening rates among foreign-born individuals in the U.S. : A comprehensive review of studies was conducted to assess colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening disparities among immigrants. Factors examined include length of residence, race and ethnicity, income, education, citizenship, insurance, usual source of care, language, medical literacy, and cultural barriers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of educational interventions, patient navigators, and at-home testing in addressing these screening disparities was evaluated. : Immigrants have lower screening rates for colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer compared to U.S.-born individuals, with the largest disparities observed in colorectal cancer. Factors influencing these gaps include shorter duration of residence, Asian ethnicity, and lower income and education levels. Lack of health insurance and of a usual source of care are currently the most significant barriers to screening. Interventions such as education, patient navigation, and at-home testing have shown moderate success in improving screening rates, though data on their effectiveness remain limited. : Addressing cancer screening disparities within the U.S. foreign-born population is essential, especially as the immigrant population continues to reach record numbers. Targeted interventions are needed to improve screening among immigrant groups with the lowest completion rates. Future research on these interventions should prioritize larger sample sizes, longitudinal studies, and the utility of new technologies such as artificial intelligence.
在过去三年中，美国的外国出生人口达到了创纪录的高位。这一人群的癌症筛查率存在显著差异，导致诊断时疾病分期较晚且预后较差。本叙述性综述探讨了影响美国外国出生人群癌症筛查率的社会人口学因素、障碍及干预措施。
对各项研究进行了全面综述，以评估移民中的结直肠癌、宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查差异。所考察的因素包括居住时长、种族和民族、收入、教育程度、公民身份、保险、通常的医疗服务来源、语言、医学素养及文化障碍。此外，还评估了教育干预、患者导航员及家庭检测在解决这些筛查差异方面的有效性。
与美国本土出生的人相比，移民的结直肠癌、宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查率较低，其中结直肠癌的差异最为明显。影响这些差距的因素包括居住时间较短、亚裔种族以及较低的收入和教育水平。目前，缺乏医疗保险和固定的医疗服务来源是筛查的最主要障碍。教育、患者导航及家庭检测等干预措施在提高筛查率方面已取得一定成效，不过其有效性的数据仍然有限。
解决美国外国出生人群中的癌症筛查差异至关重要，尤其是在移民人口持续达到创纪录数量的情况下。需要有针对性的干预措施来提高完成率最低的移民群体的筛查率。未来对这些干预措施的研究应优先考虑更大的样本量、纵向研究以及人工智能等新技术的实用性。
