Zacarías-Hernández José Luis, Flores-Aréchiga Amador, Tamez-Guerra Reyes S, Rivera-Morales Lydia Guadalupe, Castro-Garza Jorge, Becerril-Montes Pola, Vázquez-Cortés Cecilia Gabriela, de la O-Cavazos Manuel, Vázquez-Guillén José Manuel, Rodríguez-Padilla Cristina
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
Departamento de Patología Clínica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 27;15(1):7098. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90579-y.
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major global health problem. In Mexico, the State of Nuevo Leon is among the top ten in tuberculosis morbidity. Information about transmission patterns and case clustering for tuberculosis in Nuevo Leon is limited. The spoligotypes of 151 isolates from newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were obtained and its phenotypic drug susceptibility pattern for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was determined by using the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube fluorometric method. Geographical data of isolates were mapped using geographic information systems. Nineteen M. tuberculosis sublineages were identified. The most frequent lineages were: T1 at 35% (n = 53), X1 at 19.2% (n = 29), and LAM at 10.2% (n = 15). Additionally, we identified the Beijing lineage (3.3%, n = 5) and orphan strains (9.9%, n = 15). Drug resistant strains were 25 (16.55%) DR-TB, 15 (9.93%) MDR/RR-TB and 6 (3.97%) Hr-TB. Regarding TB comorbidities, diabetes mellitus II affected 21.85% of patients, while four patients were HIV-positive (2.65%). Despite the large number of tuberculosis cases in Monterrey, no definitive correlation with clusters and comorbidities was found. However, our results suggest a potential TB transmission hotspot for the T1 lineage within the Monterrey metropolitan area.
由结核分枝杆菌引起的结核病是一个重大的全球健康问题。在墨西哥，新莱昂州是结核病发病率最高的十个州之一。关于新莱昂州结核病传播模式和病例聚集的信息有限。获取了151例新诊断肺结核患者分离株的间隔寡核苷酸分型，并采用分枝杆菌生长指示管荧光法测定了其对链霉素、异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇和吡嗪酰胺的表型药敏模式。利用地理信息系统绘制了分离株的地理数据图。鉴定出19个结核分枝杆菌亚系。最常见的亚系为：T1占35%（n = 53），X1占19.2%（n = 29），LAM占10.2%（n = 15）。此外，我们还鉴定出北京亚系（3.3%，n = 5）和孤儿菌株（9.9%，n = 15）。耐药菌株包括25例（16.55%）耐多药结核病、15例（9.93%）广泛耐药结核病和6例（3.97%）耐异烟肼结核病。关于结核病合并症，2型糖尿病影响了21.85%的患者，而4例患者为HIV阳性（2.65%）。尽管蒙特雷有大量结核病病例，但未发现与聚集和合并症有明确关联。然而，我们的结果表明，蒙特雷大都市区内存在T1亚系潜在的结核病传播热点。
