Nwizu Emmanuella Ugochi, Nweze Bimma Ngozi, Nwaoziri Immaculata Ngozika, Onyejaka Nneka Kate, Akaji Ezi Abigail, Uguru Nkolika Pamela
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Feb 27;25(1):316. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05636-9.
This study assessed the caries experience and gingival health of outpatients with mental disorders, comparing those with psychotic disorders to those with non-psychotic disorders at a specialist psychiatry clinic. Oral health is vital for overall health, making it essential to examine the oral health status of these individuals with a focus on specific variables.
A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital psychiatry clinic in Enugu State, Nigeria, between May and June 2023. Data on demographic variables were collected from 260 respondents using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Oral health status was clinically assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), and the Gingival Index (GI). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with significance at p < 0.05.
Out of 260 respondents, 155 (60%) had psychotic disorders, while 105 (40%) had non-psychotic disorders. Both groups had low mean DMFT scores of 1.0± (1.07) for psychotic and 1.0± (0.9) for non-psychotic disorders. The OHI-S indicated that 68 (69.4%) of patients with psychotic disorders and 30 (30.6%) of those with non-psychotic disorders had poor oral hygiene. Additionally, 137 (58.5%) participants in the psychotic group and 97 (41.5%) in the non-psychotic group brushed their teeth once daily. A total of 145 (58.9%) participants in the psychotic group and 101 (41.1%) in the non-psychotic group did not receive assistance while brushing. Furthermore, 98 (59.8%) participants in the psychotic group and 66 (40.2%) in the non-psychotic group did not consume alcohol, while 149 (59.1%) in the psychotic group and 103 (40.9%) in the non-psychotic group were non-smokers.
Participants exhibited low caries experience due to their motivation to practice self-care, as evidenced by a majority brushing at least once daily without assistance, utilizing a toothbrush and toothpaste, and low alcohol consumption and tobacco use. However, poor oral hygiene persisted, particularly among those with psychotic disorders compared to non-psychotic disorders. This highlights the importance of integrating oral health education, counselling, and routine intraoral examinations in the care of psychiatric patients to prevent the onset or progression of oral diseases in this population.
本研究评估了精神障碍门诊患者的龋齿经历和牙龈健康状况，将精神分裂症患者与非精神分裂症患者在一家专科精神病诊所进行了比较。口腔健康对整体健康至关重要，因此有必要关注特定变量来检查这些个体的口腔健康状况。
2023年5月至6月在尼日利亚埃努古州联邦神经精神病医院精神病诊所进行了一项定量描述性横断面研究。使用访谈式问卷从260名受访者中收集人口统计学变量数据。使用龋失补牙指数（DMFT）、简化口腔卫生指数（OHI-S）和牙龈指数（GI）对口腔健康状况进行临床评估。使用SPSS 25版软件进行数据分析，显著性水平为p < 0.05。
260名受访者中，155人（60%）患有精神分裂症，105人（40%）患有非精神分裂症。两组的平均DMFT得分均较低，精神分裂症患者为1.0±（1.07），非精神分裂症患者为1.0±（0.9）。OHI-S表明，68名（69.4%）精神分裂症患者和30名（30.6%）非精神分裂症患者口腔卫生较差。此外，精神分裂症组中有137名（58.5%）参与者和非精神分裂症组中有97名（41.5%）参与者每天刷牙一次。精神分裂症组共有145名（58.9%）参与者和非精神分裂症组中有101名（41.1%）参与者在刷牙时没有得到帮助。此外，精神分裂症组中有98名（59.8%）参与者和非精神分裂症组中有66名（40.2%）参与者不饮酒，精神分裂症组中有149名（59.1%）参与者和非精神分裂症组中有103名（40.9%）参与者不吸烟。
参与者由于有自我护理意识，龋齿经历较少，这表现为大多数人每天至少在无帮助的情况下刷牙一次，使用牙刷和牙膏，且饮酒和吸烟较少。然而，口腔卫生状况仍然较差，尤其是与非精神分裂症患者相比，精神分裂症患者更为明显。这凸显了在精神科患者护理中纳入口腔健康教育、咨询和常规口腔检查以预防该人群口腔疾病发生或进展情况的重要性。
