Koralewski Tomasz E, Brewer Michael J, Deleon Leonel L, Elliott Norman C, Giles Kristopher, Szczepaniec Adrianna, Faris Ashleigh M
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Corpus Christi, TX, United States.
Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Front Insect Sci. 2025 Feb 10;5:1503044. doi: 10.3389/finsc.2025.1503044. eCollection 2025.
Agroecological-oriented areawide pest management leverages the innate ability of agroecosystem to suppress pests, and thus to utilize ecosystem services, a key component of sustainable agriculture. A growing body of knowledge on interactions between pests and their natural enemies allows us to recognize the complexity of these interactions that often depend on environmental circumstances. Sorghum aphid, (Theobald) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a recent but established pest of sorghum in the Great Plains of North America. Both predators and parasitoids prey on sorghum aphid but their activity and impact change throughout the area and throughout the year. Both landscape and weather factors have been shown to affect the abundance and numerical responses of these insects, consistent with observations in other aphid species. In this study we used data on counts of sorghum aphids, lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and parasitoid wasps Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas states of the United States. We analyzed insect dynamics in the context of landscape and weather factors. We built multiple regression models using data from the years 2017-2019 for metrics such as maximum number of insects per leaf, response time of natural enemies to pest presence, and speed of increase in insect abundance. Our results indicate that various aspects of landscape composition, landscape configuration, and weather affect various insect groups and various aspects of insect dynamics in the field. Moreover, characteristics of specific landscape categories seemed to be more informative than overall measure of landscape diversity. Our study provides insights on interactions along both spatial and temporal scales, with the latter considered understudied.
以农业生态为导向的区域害虫管理利用了农业生态系统抑制害虫的内在能力，从而利用生态系统服务，这是可持续农业的一个关键组成部分。关于害虫与其天敌之间相互作用的知识越来越多，这使我们认识到这些相互作用的复杂性，而这种复杂性往往取决于环境情况。高粱蚜（Theobald）（半翅目：蚜科）是北美大平原地区近期出现但已确定的高粱害虫。捕食性天敌和寄生性天敌都会捕食高粱蚜，但它们的活动和影响在整个区域和全年都会发生变化。景观和天气因素都已被证明会影响这些昆虫的数量和数量反应，这与对其他蚜虫物种的观察结果一致。在本研究中，我们使用了在美国堪萨斯州、俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州收集的高粱蚜、瓢虫（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）以及寄生蜂（膜翅目：蚜小蜂科）和（克雷森）（膜翅目：茧蜂科）的计数数据。我们在景观和天气因素的背景下分析了昆虫动态。我们使用2017 - 2019年的数据构建了多元回归模型，用于衡量诸如每片叶子上昆虫的最大数量、天敌对害虫出现的反应时间以及昆虫数量增加的速度等指标。我们的结果表明，景观组成、景观配置和天气的各个方面会影响田间不同昆虫群体以及昆虫动态的各个方面。此外，特定景观类别的特征似乎比景观多样性的总体衡量指标更具信息价值。我们的研究提供了关于空间和时间尺度上相互作用的见解，其中时间尺度的相互作用被认为研究较少。
