Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas 78406, USA; email:
Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA; email:
Annu Rev Entomol. 2019 Jan 7;64:73-93. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111838. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
Aphid invasions of North American cereal crops generally have started with colonization of a new region or crop, followed by range expansion and outbreaks that vary in frequency and scale owing to geographically variable influences. To improve understanding of this process and management, we compare the invasion ecology of and management response to three cereal aphids: sugarcane aphid, Russian wheat aphid, and greenbug. The region exploited is determined primarily by climate and host plant availability. Once an area is permanently or annually colonized, outbreak intensity is also affected by natural enemies and managed inputs, such as aphid-resistant cultivars and insecticides. Over time, increases in natural enemy abundance and diversity, improved compatibility among management tactics, and limited threshold-based insecticide use have likely increased resilience of aphid regulation. Application of pest management foundational practices followed by a focus on compatible strategies are relevant worldwide. Area-wide pest management is most appropriate to large-scale cereal production systems, as exemplified in the Great Plains of North America.
北美谷类作物上的蚜虫入侵通常是从新地区或作物的定殖开始的，然后由于地理上的可变影响，范围不断扩大，并出现不同频率和规模的爆发。为了更好地理解这一过程和管理，我们比较了三种谷类蚜虫的入侵生态学和管理对策：甘蔗蚜虫、俄罗斯麦蚜虫和棉蚜。所利用的区域主要由气候和寄主植物的可利用性决定。一旦一个地区被永久或每年定殖，爆发的强度也会受到天敌和管理投入的影响，如抗蚜虫品种和杀虫剂。随着时间的推移，天敌数量和多样性的增加，管理策略之间更好的兼容性，以及基于阈值的杀虫剂使用的限制，可能会增加蚜虫调控的恢复力。应用害虫管理基础实践，然后专注于兼容的策略，这在全世界都是相关的。区域范围的害虫管理最适合大规模的谷类生产系统，正如北美大平原所例证的那样。
