Visser Tjerk So Sleeswijk, Neill Seth O', Hébert-Losier Kim, Eygendaal Denise, de Vos Robert-Jan
Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, , The Netherlands.
School of Healthcare, Department of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
Braz J Phys Ther. 2025 May-Jun;29(3):101188. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101188. Epub 2025 Feb 27.
Calf muscle strength-endurance can be reliably assessed with the Heel Rise Endurance Test (HRET), but normative values are lacking.
To establish normative values for calf muscle strength-endurance, adjusted for personal characteristics.
500 individuals without current/previous symptoms of Achilles tendinopathy or recent lower limb immobilization were included. Primary outcome measures were the number of repetitions, total work (J), total vertical displacement (cm), and peak height (cm) upon the single-leg HRET, assessed using the validated Calf Raise Application. A multiple quantile regression model was developed, incorporating covariates (personal characteristics) which significantly impacted HRET metrics. Median (50.0th percentile) and 95 % reference intervals (2.5th-97.5th percentiles) were derived.
55 % of the participants were female and 88 % participated in physical activities. Median (dominant/non-dominant leg) number of repetitions was 25/24, total work was 1374/1325 J, vertical displacement was 192/186 cm, and peak height was 9.3/9.6 cm. There was no significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant leg for any HRET metric. Lower physical activity levels, female sex, and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with lower HRET metrics.
Normative calf muscle strength-endurance metrics (number of repetitions, total work, total displacement, and peak height) were developed. Personal characteristics influence HRET outcomes, with female sex, higher BMI, and lower physical activity levels being associated with lower HRET metrics. An openly accessible calculator for estimating normative HRET metrics was developed to help healthcare providers monitor personalized recovery trajectories and provide well-informed rehabilitation guidance. Documenting HRET metrics beyond repetition count may aid in assessing impairment severity and evaluating calf muscle function.
可通过足跟抬高耐力测试（HRET）可靠地评估小腿肌肉力量耐力，但缺乏正常值。
建立针对个人特征进行调整的小腿肌肉力量耐力正常值。
纳入500名目前/既往无跟腱病症状或近期无下肢固定的个体。主要结局指标为单腿HRET时的重复次数、总功（焦耳）、总垂直位移（厘米）和峰值高度（厘米），使用经过验证的小腿抬高应用程序进行评估。开发了一个多变量分位数回归模型，纳入对HRET指标有显著影响的协变量（个人特征）。得出中位数（第50.0百分位数）和95%参考区间（第2.5百分位数至第97.5百分位数）。
55%的参与者为女性，88%参与体育活动。重复次数的中位数（优势腿/非优势腿）为25/24，总功为1374/1325焦耳，垂直位移为192/186厘米，峰值高度为9.3/9.6厘米。任何HRET指标在优势腿和非优势腿之间均无显著差异。较低的体育活动水平（体力活动水平）、女性性别和较高的体重指数（BMI）与较低的HRET指标相关。
制定了小腿肌肉力量耐力的正常值指标（重复次数、总功、总位移和峰值高度）。个人特征会影响HRET结果，女性性别、较高的BMI和较低的体育活动水平与较低的HRET指标相关。开发了一个可公开访问的用于估计HRET正常值指标的计算器，以帮助医疗保健提供者监测个性化的恢复轨迹并提供明智的康复指导。记录除重复次数之外的HRET指标可能有助于评估损伤严重程度和评估小腿肌肉功能。
