Li Yaxin, Guo Min, Fei Yang, Liu Ying, Al-Ghammari Asma, Chen Suqin, Yin Yueheng, Niu Shuzhen, Shan Enfang, Cui Yan, Li Xianwen
School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China.
BMC Geriatr. 2025 Feb 28;25(1):137. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-05801-3.
Physio-Cognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDs) is characterized by the coexistence of MIND (mobility impairment, no disability) and CIND (cognitive impairment, no dementia), which predicts dementia risk. Deteriorating oral health can contribute to malnutrition, cognitive decline, and physical frailty, all of which may exacerbate PCDs symptoms. This study investigates the association between oral health and PCDs, exploring sex differences in this relationship.
A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from the Nanjing Brain Health Cohort included 252 participants aged 60 and older, assessing physical mobility (6-meter walk test, grip strength), cognitive function (MoCA), and oral health (natural teeth count, denture use, tongue and lip motor function, masticatory and swallowing ability, Oral Frailty Index). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between oral health and PCDs.
Among participants, 15.5% were classified as having PCDs. The odds of having PCDs were lower with a higher number of teeth (OR = 0.939, 95% CI: 0.890-0.991, p = 0.021), while impaired tongue and lip motor function increased the odds of PCDs (OR = 3.811, 95% CI: 1.059-13.717, p = 0.041). In females, the odds of MIND and CIND were lower with a greater number of teeth and denture use. For males, the odds of PCDs were higher with oral frailty (OR = 5.202, 95% CI: 1.429-18.940, p = 0.012).
Findings underscore the significant association between oral health and the odds of PCDs among older adults, with sex-specific effects. For women, maintaining natural teeth and proper denture use are associated with lower odds of MIND and CIND, while for men, oral frailty is linked to higher odds of PCDs. Healthcare providers should consider oral health and incorporate sex-specific strategies.
生理 - 认知衰退综合征（PCDs）的特征是存在行动能力受损但无残疾（MIND）和认知障碍但无痴呆（CIND），这预示着痴呆风险。口腔健康恶化会导致营养不良、认知衰退和身体虚弱，所有这些都可能加剧PCDs症状。本研究调查口腔健康与PCDs之间的关联，并探讨这种关系中的性别差异。
对南京脑健康队列的基线数据进行横断面分析，纳入了252名60岁及以上的参与者，评估身体活动能力（6米步行测试、握力）、认知功能（蒙特利尔认知评估量表）和口腔健康（天然牙数量、假牙使用情况、舌和唇运动功能、咀嚼和吞咽能力、口腔虚弱指数）。采用逻辑回归模型检验口腔健康与PCDs之间的关联。
参与者中，15.5%被归类为患有PCDs。牙齿数量越多，患PCDs的几率越低（OR = 0.939，95%置信区间：0.890 - 0.991，p = 0.021），而舌和唇运动功能受损会增加患PCDs的几率（OR = 3.811，95%置信区间：1.059 - 13.717，p = 0.041）。在女性中，牙齿数量越多和使用假牙，MIND和CIND的几率越低。对于男性，口腔虚弱会使患PCDs的几率更高（OR = 5.202，95%置信区间：1.429 - 18.940，p = 0.012）。
研究结果强调了口腔健康与老年人患PCDs几率之间的显著关联，且存在性别差异。对于女性，保留天然牙和正确使用假牙与较低的MIND和CIND几率相关，而对于男性，口腔虚弱与较高的PCDs几率相关。医疗保健提供者应考虑口腔健康并纳入针对性别的策略。
