Marshall Teresa A, Touger-Decker Riva
Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
School of Health Professions & Division of Nutrition, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University, Newark, NJ, USA.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2024 May 14:1-8. doi: 10.1017/S0029665124004683.
Oral health is a critical component of overall health and well-being, not just the absence of disease. The objective of this review paper is to describe relationships among diet, nutrition and oral and systemic diseases that contribute to multimorbidity. Diet- and nutrient-related risk factors for oral diseases include high intakes of free sugars, low intakes of fruits and vegetables and nutrient-poor diets which are similar to diet- and nutrient-related risk factors for systemic diseases. Oral diseases are chronic diseases. Once the disease process is initiated, it persists throughout the lifespan. Pain and tissue loss from oral disease leads to oral dysfunction which contributes to impaired biting, chewing, oral motility and swallowing. Oral dysfunction makes it difficult to eat nutrient-dense whole grains, fruits and vegetables associated with a healthy diet. Early childhood caries (ECC) associated with frequent intake of free sugars is one of the first manifestations of oral disease. The presence of ECC is our 'canary in the coal mine' for diet-related chronic diseases. The dietary sugars causing ECC are not complementary to an Eatwell Guide compliant diet, but rather consistent with a diet high in energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods - typically ultra-processed in nature. This diet generally deteriorates throughout childhood, adolescence and adulthood increasing the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Recognition of ECC is an opportunity to intervene and disrupt the pathway to multimorbidities. Disruption of this pathway will reduce the risk of multimorbidities and enable individuals to fully engage in society throughout the lifespan.
口腔健康是整体健康和幸福的关键组成部分，而不仅仅是没有疾病。这篇综述文章的目的是描述饮食、营养与导致多种疾病的口腔和全身疾病之间的关系。与饮食和营养相关的口腔疾病风险因素包括游离糖摄入量高、水果和蔬菜摄入量低以及营养匮乏的饮食，这些与导致全身疾病的饮食和营养相关风险因素相似。口腔疾病是慢性病。一旦疾病进程开始，它会在整个生命周期中持续存在。口腔疾病引起的疼痛和组织损失会导致口腔功能障碍，进而导致咬、咀嚼、口腔运动和吞咽功能受损。口腔功能障碍使得难以食用与健康饮食相关的营养丰富的全谷物、水果和蔬菜。与频繁摄入游离糖相关的幼儿龋齿（ECC）是口腔疾病的首批表现之一。ECC的存在是我们饮食相关慢性病的“煤矿中的金丝雀”。导致ECC的膳食糖与符合健康饮食指南的饮食并不互补，而是与高能量密度、营养匮乏的食物（通常本质上是超加工食品）含量高的饮食一致。这种饮食在儿童期、青春期和成年期通常会恶化，增加饮食相关慢性病的风险。认识到ECC是一个进行干预并中断通往多种疾病途径的机会。中断这条途径将降低多种疾病的风险，并使个体能够在整个生命周期中充分融入社会。
