Expanding vaccination provider types and administration sites can increase vaccination uptake: A systematic literature review of the evidence in non-United States geographies.

Vaccination is a successful public health intervention; however, vaccine-preventable diseases continue to pose global health risks due to insufficient uptake. Expanding authority for "alternative" or complementary healthcare providers to administer vaccinations, as well as approving additional non-clinical vaccination sites, could improve access to and uptake of vaccines. The value of complementary providers and expanded sites has been documented in the United States; however, there is limited evidence in geographies outside the United States. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review to identify studies that evaluated vaccination by complementary providers and/or at expanded sites outside of the United States. Of 943 identified records, 18 met our inclusion criteria and were conducted in Australia (4), Canada (6), the United Kingdom (3), Peru (2), Cameroon (1), or in multiple geographies (2). All studies demonstrated that expanding provider types and sites could positively impact vaccine uptake and/or provide additional benefits.