Rai Rajesh Kumar, Bromage Sabri, De Neve Jan-Walter, Barik Anamitra
Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India.
J Nutr Sci. 2025 Feb 11;14:e18. doi: 10.1017/jns.2025.4. eCollection 2025.
India's nutrition transition has led to an increased burden of overweight/obesity (body mass index of ≥23 kg/m), driven by lifestyle factors like poor diet, inactivity, and substance use, prompting public health interventions. However, these interventions lack supporting evidence, especially in rural areas, hindering effective strategies for this population. To address this evidence gap, this study used cohort data (baseline: 2018-19, follow-up: 2022-23) from the Birbhum Population Project (West Bengal, India) to analyse lifestyle risk factors and their association with incidence and remission of overweight/obesity among adults aged ≥18 years (sample: 8,974). Modified Poisson regression model was employed to attain the study objective. From 2017-2018 to 2022-2023, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 15.2% (95% CI: 14.1%-16.4%) to 21.0% (95% CI: 19.7%-22.3%) among men and from 24.1% (95% CI: 22.9%-25.2%) to 33.8% (95% CI: 32.5%-35.1%) among women. Overall, 23.0% (95% CI: 21.8%-24.3%) of adults experienced incidence of overweight/obesity, while 13.9% (95% CI: 12.4%-15.6%) experienced remission. Use of motor vehicles among unemployed participants was associated with incident overweight/obesity (relative risk or RR: 1.058; 95% CI: 1.023-1.095; P: 0.001). Vigorous activity at home (including gardening, yard work, and household chores) was linked to higher odds of recovering from overweight/obesity (RR: 1.065; 95% CI: 1.008-1.125; P: 0.025). Frequent tobacco use (often/daily vs. none) was inversely associated with remission of overweight-obesity (RR: 0.689; 95% CI: 0.484-0.980; P: 0.038), as was each 1 ml in alcohol consumption (RR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.991-0.999; P: 0.022). Discouraging habitual motor vehicle use may help prevent overweight/obesity, while promoting home-based activities may aid remission, particularly for women who are at higher risk for overweight/obesity.
印度的营养转型导致超重/肥胖（体重指数≥23千克/平方米）负担加重，这是由不良饮食、缺乏运动和物质使用等生活方式因素驱动的，促使采取公共卫生干预措施。然而，这些干预措施缺乏支持证据，尤其是在农村地区，这阻碍了针对该人群的有效策略。为了填补这一证据空白，本研究使用了来自比尔布姆人口项目（印度西孟加拉邦，基线：2018 - 19年，随访：2022 - 23年）的队列数据，以分析生活方式风险因素及其与18岁及以上成年人超重/肥胖的发病率和缓解情况之间的关联（样本：8974人）。采用修正泊松回归模型来实现研究目标。从2017 - 2018年到2022 - 2023年，男性超重/肥胖的患病率从15.2%（95%置信区间：14.1% - 16.4%）升至21.0%（95%置信区间：19.7% - 22.3%），女性从24.1%（95%置信区间：22.9% - 25.2%）升至33.8%（95%置信区间：32.5% - 35.1%）。总体而言，23.0%（95%置信区间：21.8% - 24.3%）的成年人经历了超重/肥胖的发病，而13.9%（95%置信区间：12.4% - 15.6%）经历了缓解。失业参与者使用机动车与超重/肥胖的发病相关（相对风险或RR：1.058；95%置信区间：1.023 - 1.095；P：0.001）。在家中进行剧烈活动（包括园艺、庭院工作和家务）与超重/肥胖恢复的较高几率相关（RR：1.065；95%置信区间：1.008 - 1.125；P：0.025）。频繁吸烟（经常/每天与从不）与超重 - 肥胖的缓解呈负相关（RR：0.689；95%置信区间：0.484 - 0.980；P：0.038），饮酒量每增加1毫升也是如此（RR：0.995；95%置信区间：0.991 - 0.999；P：0.022）。减少习惯性机动车使用可能有助于预防超重/肥胖，而促进居家活动可能有助于缓解，特别是对于超重/肥胖风险较高的女性。
