Murdoch D, Pihl R O
Addict Behav. 1985;10(1):97-101. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(85)90059-0.
Forty-four volunteer male subjects participated in groups of four along with two experimental confederates in a group interaction after consuming either 1.32 mg/kg of 95% USP alcohol or placebo. According to a balanced-placebo design, subjects were told they were either consuming alcohol or placebo. The task of one confederate was to initiate conversation and distract subjects from monitoring their state of intoxication while the second confederate's role was to antagonize subjects at a prescribed time. Sessions were videotaped and rated for frequency of positive and negative interactions and subjects completed rating scales evaluating each other. The results failed to show an expectancy effect on any measures; however, there was an alcohol effect seen in an increase in negative interactions as well as positive interactions and a significant expectancy X alcohol interaction for negative ratings of the provocative confederate. In those groups where the manipulation matched the expectation, alcohol-told alcohol and placebo-told placebo the confederate was seen more negatively than in the mixed groups. An attributional explanation for the results is offered and the generality of the alcohol-expectancy phenomenon questioned.
44名男性志愿者在饮用1.32毫克/千克的95%美国药典酒精或安慰剂后，与两名实验同谋以四人一组的形式参与了小组互动。根据平衡安慰剂设计，受试者被告知他们饮用的是酒精或安慰剂。一名同谋的任务是开启对话并分散受试者对自身醉酒状态的监测，而第二名同谋的角色是在规定时间与受试者对抗。实验过程被录像，并根据积极和消极互动的频率进行评分，受试者还完成了相互评估的评分量表。结果未显示出预期效应对任何指标有影响；然而，观察到了酒精效应，即消极互动和积极互动均增加，并且对于挑衅同谋的负面评价存在显著的预期×酒精交互作用。在操纵与预期相符的组中，即酒精组被告知饮用酒精、安慰剂组被告知饮用安慰剂，同谋被评价为比混合组更负面。文中提供了对结果的归因解释，并对酒精预期现象的普遍性提出了质疑。
