Yankofsky L, Wilson G T, Adler J L, Hay W M, Vrana S
J Stud Alcohol. 1986 Jan;47(1):26-33. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1986.47.26.
Recent theories of alcohol use and misuse assume that alcohol alters cognitive-perceptual mediating processes that indirectly reduce emotional distress. One view is that alcohol enhances perceptions of control and power. Alternatively, it has been suggested that alcohol is used to reduce self-awareness, perceptions of negative feedback and negative self-evaluations. The purpose of this study was to test these two hypotheses. Forty men, all college students, participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the four conditions in a 2 X 2 balanced placebo design. Subjects interacted with a woman confederate at two points in the procedure: first under positive feedback conditions and then, after beverage consumption, under negative feedback conditions. Both sequences were videotaped and eventually viewed by the subjects. Before and after each interaction period and after the videotape procedure, subjects completed rating forms which assessed their self-perceptions. Whereas perceptions of control and power were diminished when subjects were sober, the ratings of intoxicated subjects remained stable after they received negative interpersonal feedback. Alcohol impaired the perception of negative feedback and reduced negative evaluations of the videotaped sequences.
近期关于酒精使用与滥用的理论认为，酒精会改变认知-感知中介过程，从而间接减轻情绪困扰。一种观点认为，酒精会增强对控制感和权力的认知。另一种观点则认为，酒精被用于降低自我意识、对负面反馈的认知以及负面自我评价。本研究的目的是检验这两种假设。40名男性大学生参与了该研究，并在2×2平衡安慰剂设计中被随机分配到四种条件下。在实验过程中的两个时间点，受试者与一名女性同谋进行互动：首先是在积极反馈条件下，然后在饮用饮料后，处于负面反馈条件下。两个环节都进行了录像，最终由受试者观看。在每次互动期间前后以及录像过程之后，受试者填写了评估自我认知的评分表。当受试者清醒时，对控制感和权力的认知会减弱，而醉酒受试者在收到负面人际反馈后，评分保持稳定。酒精损害了对负面反馈的认知，并降低了对录像环节的负面评价。
