Bolatov Aidos, Asanova Aruzhan, Daniyarova Gulnur, Sazonov Vitaliy, Semenova Yuliya, Abdiorazova Aigerim, Pya Yuriy
"University Medical Center" Corporate Fund, Zhanibek khandar str. 5/1, Astana, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Mar 3;25(1):842. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22044-4.
Organ donation is a critical component of healthcare, yet donation rates in Kazakhstan remain low. Understanding the socio-demographic factors, knowledge levels, and perceived barriers influencing individuals' willingness to consent to organ donation is essential for developing effective interventions.
This cross-sectional study surveyed 1,294 participants across Kazakhstan. The sample was predominantly female (78.3%), urban (79.4%), and well-educated, with a significant proportion having medical backgrounds. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about organ donation, and perceived barriers. Comparison methods and binomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of willingness to express consent for organ donation.
Age, ethnicity, family status, and knowledge about organ donation were significant predictors of willingness to donate. Older participants and Russian ethnic group members were less likely to consent, while widowed individuals and those with higher knowledge levels were more likely to express consent. Although several factors did not have significant prediction with willingness to donate in the regression analysis, chi-square and U-tests revealed significant associations for residence, occupation, educational level, and religious affiliation. Key barriers to donation included distrust in the medical system, fears of organ trafficking, and insufficient awareness, particularly among non-medical participants. These barriers were significant deterrents and correlated with lower willingness to donate. However, due to the overrepresentation of urban, educated, and medical-affiliated participants in the sample, findings may not fully reflect the general population of Kazakhstan.
The findings highlight the need for targeted educational campaigns to increase public awareness and address misconceptions about organ donation. Building trust in the medical system and dispelling fears of unethical practices are essential for improving donation rates. The study underscores the complex interplay of socio-demographic factors, knowledge, and perceived barriers in shaping organ donation decisions in Kazakhstan, while also emphasizing the need for future research with a more representative sample.
器官捐赠是医疗保健的重要组成部分，但哈萨克斯坦的捐赠率仍然很低。了解影响个人同意器官捐赠意愿的社会人口因素、知识水平和感知障碍对于制定有效的干预措施至关重要。
这项横断面研究对哈萨克斯坦各地的1294名参与者进行了调查。样本主要为女性（78.3%）、城市居民（79.4%）且受教育程度高，其中很大一部分人有医学背景。收集了有关社会人口特征、器官捐赠知识和感知障碍的数据。采用比较方法和二项逻辑回归分析来确定表示同意器官捐赠意愿的重要预测因素。
年龄、种族、家庭状况和器官捐赠知识是捐赠意愿的重要预测因素。年龄较大的参与者和俄罗斯族成员同意捐赠的可能性较小，而丧偶者和知识水平较高的人更有可能表示同意。虽然在回归分析中几个因素与捐赠意愿没有显著预测关系，但卡方检验和U检验显示居住地、职业、教育水平和宗教信仰存在显著关联。捐赠的主要障碍包括对医疗系统的不信任、对器官交易的恐惧以及认识不足，特别是在非医学参与者中。这些障碍是重要的阻碍因素，与较低的捐赠意愿相关。然而，由于样本中城市、受过教育和与医学相关的参与者比例过高，研究结果可能无法完全反映哈萨克斯坦的普通人群。
研究结果凸显了开展有针对性的教育活动以提高公众意识并消除对器官捐赠误解的必要性。建立对医疗系统的信任并消除对不道德行为的恐惧对于提高捐赠率至关重要。该研究强调了社会人口因素、知识和感知障碍在哈萨克斯坦器官捐赠决策形成过程中的复杂相互作用，同时也强调了未来需要采用更具代表性的样本进行研究。
