Ellis N R, Wooldridge P W
Am J Ment Defic. 1985 May;89(6):622-6.
Mentally retarded and nonretarded persons were compared in a Brown-Peterson short-term memory task for the retention of words and pictures over intervals up to 30 seconds. The retarded subjects forgot more rapidly over the initial 10 seconds. They also retained pictures better than they did words; the nonretarded subjects retained these stimuli equally well. The results were theoretically interpreted as reflecting a structural memory deficit in retarded individuals, who were viewed as having greater facility with an imaginal memory code than with a verbal code. Transforming information from one code to another may also have been more difficult for retarded persons.
在一项布朗 - 彼得森短期记忆任务中，对智力迟钝者和非智力迟钝者进行了比较，该任务旨在考察在长达30秒的时间间隔内对单词和图片的记忆保持情况。智力迟钝的受试者在最初的10秒内遗忘得更快。他们对图片的记忆也比对单词的记忆更好；而非智力迟钝的受试者对这些刺激的记忆保持情况相同。从理论上对结果进行了解释，认为这反映了智力迟钝个体存在结构性记忆缺陷，他们被认为在使用形象记忆编码方面比语言编码方面更有优势。对智力迟钝者来说，将信息从一种编码转换为另一种编码可能也更加困难。
