Jawale Nilima, Shenberger Jeffrey S, Rodriguez Ricardo J, Shetty Avinash K, Garg Parvesh M
Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, New York.
Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut.
Am J Perinatol. 2025 Apr 16. doi: 10.1055/a-2549-6551.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is among the most devastating neonatal illnesses of premature infants. Although it is a disease of multifactorial etiology associated with bacterial dysbiosis, several reports of viral and some fungal infections associated with NEC have been published. Despite the abundance of viruses-primarily bacteriophages, and "virus-like particles" in the normal infant gut flora, there is limited understanding of the contribution of these elements to newborn gut health and disease. This study aims to review existing evidence on normal newborn virome and mycobiome development and present insights into the complex inter-kingdom interactions between gut bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the intestinal ecosystem, exploring their potential role in predisposing the preterm infant to NEC. · We have reviewed a number of viral and fungal infections reported in association with NEC-like illnesses.. · Bacteriophages play a crucial role in the gut microbiome development, but their role in pathogenesis of NEC and potential for therapeutic use is unknown.. · Development of next-gen metagenomic tools are needed to enhance our understanding of viral diversity, bacteriophages, and the gut virome in the context of neonatal health and disease..
坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）是早产儿最具破坏性的新生儿疾病之一。尽管它是一种与细菌生态失调相关的多因素病因疾病，但已有多篇关于与NEC相关的病毒和一些真菌感染的报道发表。尽管在正常婴儿肠道菌群中存在大量病毒——主要是噬菌体和“病毒样颗粒”，但人们对这些因素对新生儿肠道健康和疾病的贡献了解有限。本研究旨在回顾关于正常新生儿病毒组和真菌组发育的现有证据，并深入了解肠道生态系统中肠道细菌、病毒和真菌之间复杂的跨界相互作用，探讨它们在使早产儿易患NEC方面的潜在作用。·我们回顾了一些与NEC样疾病相关的病毒和真菌感染的报道。·噬菌体在肠道微生物组发育中起关键作用，但其在NEC发病机制中的作用及治疗用途尚不清楚。·需要开发新一代宏基因组工具，以加强我们在新生儿健康和疾病背景下对病毒多样性、噬菌体和肠道病毒组的理解。
