Galtier Eric, Lee Hae Ja, Khaghani Dimitri, Boiadjieva Nina, McGehee Peregrine, Arnott Ariel, Arnold Brice, Berboucha Meriame, Cunningham Eric, Czapla Nick, Dyer Gilliss, Ettelbrick Robert, Hart Philip, Heimann Philip, Welch Marc, Makita Mikako, Gleason Arianna E, Pandolfi Silvia, Sakdinawat Anne, Liu Yanwei, Wojcik Michael J, Hodge Daniel, Sandberg Richard, Valdivia Maria Pia, Bouffetier Victorien, Pérez-Callejo Gabriel, Seiboth Frank, Nagler Bob
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
Plasma Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 4;15(1):7588. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91989-8.
The last decade has shown the great potential that X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FEL) have to study High Energy Density (HED) physics. Experiments at FELs have made significant breakthroughs in Shock Physics and Dynamic Diffraction, Dense Plasma Physics and Warm Dense Matter Science, using techniques such as isochoric heating, inelastic scattering, small angle scattering and X-ray diffraction. In addition, and complementary to these techniques, the coherent properties of the FEL beam can be used to image HED samples with high fidelity. We present new imaging diagnostics and techniques developed at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) instrument at Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) over the last few years. We show results in Phase Contrast Imaging geometry, where the X-ray beam propagates from the target to a camera revealing its phase, as well as in Direct Imaging geometry, where a real image of the sample plane is produced in the camera with a spatial resolution down to 200 nm. Last, we show an implementation of the Talbot Imaging method allowing both X-ray phase and intensity measurements change introduced by a target with sub-micron resolution.
过去十年表明，X射线自由电子激光（FEL）在研究高能量密度（HED）物理方面具有巨大潜力。FEL实验在冲击物理与动态衍射、稠密等离子体物理和温稠密物质科学领域取得了重大突破，采用了等容加热、非弹性散射、小角散射和X射线衍射等技术。此外，作为这些技术的补充，FEL光束的相干特性可用于对HED样品进行高保真成像。我们展示了过去几年在直线加速器相干光源（LCLS）的极端条件物质（MEC）仪器上开发的新成像诊断方法和技术。我们展示了相衬成像几何结构中的结果，其中X射线束从靶材传播到相机以揭示其相位，以及直接成像几何结构中的结果，其中在相机中产生样品平面的真实图像，空间分辨率低至200纳米。最后，我们展示了一种塔尔博特成像方法的实现，该方法允许以亚微米分辨率测量由靶材引入的X射线相位和强度变化。
