Bundle Analytics based Data Harmonization for Multi-Site Diffusion MRI Tractometry.

The neural pathways of the living human brain can be tracked using diffusion MRI-based tractometry. Along-tract statistical analysis of microstructural metrics can reveal the effects of neurological and psychiatric diseases with 3D spatial precision. To maximize statistical power to detect disease effects and factors that influence them, data from multiple sites and scanners must often be combined, yet scanning protocols and hardware may vary widely. For simple scalar metrics, data harmonization methods - such as ComBat and its variants -allow modeling of disease effects on derived brain metrics, while adjusting for effects of scanning site or protocol. Here, we extend this method to pointwise segment analyses of 3D fiber bundles by integrating ComBat into the BUndle ANalytics (BUAN) tractometry pipeline. In a study of the effects of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) on 38 white matter tracts, we merge data from 7 different scanning protocols used in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, which vary in voxel size and angular resolution. By incorporating ComBat harmonization, we model site- and scanner-specific effects, ensuring the reliability and comparability of results by mitigating confounding variables. We also evaluate choices that arise in extending batch adjustment to tracts, such as the regions used to estimate the correction. We also compare the approach to the simpler approach of modeling the site as a random effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first applications to adapt harmonization to 3D tractometry.