Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic Activities of Gelatin Nanoparticles Encapsulated With Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. in High Fat Diet-Fed Streptozotocin-Induced Wistar Rats.

Nanoencapsulation of herbal extracts is an emerging strategy in developing novel therapeutic agents to combat Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to investigate the sub-acute antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous ethanol 70% v/v extract of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (MAE) encapsulated gelatin nanoparticles (MGNP) using a high fat diet fed streptozotocin-induced Wistar rats with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. MGNP (10, 20, and 60 mg kg) and free MAE (85, 255, and 765 mg kg) were orally administered to rats for 28 days, biochemical and histopathological investigations were conducted. Rats treated with MGNP (therapeutic dose:20 mg kg) showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in glycated hemoglobin (by 61.7%, 16.3%), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance (by 64.7%, 49.0%), triglyceride (by 49.2%, 10.4%), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (by 49.4%, 10.4%), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (by 75.9%, 41.5%), malondialdehyde (by 67.5%, 27.5%), and increased HOMA of β-cell function (by 949.5%, 449.7%), leptin (by 283.3%, 177.0%), catalase (by 429.8%, 102.9%), and total antioxidant capacity (by 688.0%, 13.4%) compared to diabetic control rats and MAE, respectively, indicating profound antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The biochemical findings were corroborated by ameliorating histopathological abnormalities in the pancreas, proving that MGNP is a novel drug lead in pharmaceutical applications.