Hamwata Westone, Hazyondo Mwendalubi, Daka Victor, Muleba Mbanga, Shimaponda-Mataa Nzooma M
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Copperbelt, Zambia
Biomedical Sciences, University of Zambia - Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia.
BMJ Open. 2025 Mar 5;15(3):e091319. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091319.
To assess vector behaviour and phenotypic resistance for effective vector control programming.
This was a cross-sectional study.
This study was conducted in the urban and periurban areas of Ndola district, Zambia.
PARTICIPANTS/STUDY UNITS: A total of 166 houses were selected for adult mosquito collection, and an additional 60 collection efforts were made for larval collection from potential larval habitats.
The primary outcome was the behaviour of the malaria vectors, and the secondary outcome was their phenotypic resistance status.
The main breeding sites identified were irrigation trenches (4.67 larvae/dip) and garden ponds (2.72 larvae/dip) created from extensive urban agriculture practices. and were found to coexist in all the four sites, with identified as the most dominant malaria vector. Densities of seeking a blood meal (χ=12.566, df=3, p=0.001) and resting indoors (Z=56.5, p=0.019), were found to be higher in urban than periurban sites compared with , which had similar distribution across the study sites. Sprayed houses were significantly associated with reduced mosquito numbers (B=-0.956, incidence rate ratio=0.384, p=0.001). was fully susceptible to organophosphates and neonicotinoids but highly resistant to pyrethroids, carbamates and organochlorines.
The emergence of in an area previously dominated by and its coexistence with in the dry season pose a risk of sustaining malaria transmission all year round. Agricultural practices in urban areas resulted in highly productive mosquito breeding sites; thus, there is a need for targeted vector control.
评估病媒行为和表型抗性，以制定有效的病媒控制规划。
这是一项横断面研究。
本研究在赞比亚恩多拉区的城市和城郊地区开展。
参与者/研究单位：共选择了166所房屋用于收集成年蚊子，并另外进行了60次采集，从潜在的幼虫栖息地收集幼虫。
主要观察指标是疟疾病媒的行为，次要观察指标是它们的表型抗性状态。
确定的主要繁殖地点是灌溉沟渠（每勺4.67只幼虫）和因广泛的城市农业活动形成的花园池塘（每勺2.72只幼虫）。在所有四个地点均发现[两种病媒名称]共存，其中[一种病媒名称]被确定为最主要的疟疾病媒。与[另一种病媒名称]相比，[一种病媒名称]寻找血餐的密度（χ=12.566，自由度=3，p=0.001）和在室内栖息的密度（Z=56.5，p=0.019）在城市地区高于城郊地区，而[另一种病媒名称]在各研究地点的分布相似。喷洒杀虫剂的房屋与蚊子数量减少显著相关（B=-0.956，发病率比=0.384，p=0.001）。[一种病媒名称]对有机磷和新烟碱类完全敏感，但对拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类和有机氯类具有高度抗性。
在一个以前以[另一种病媒名称]为主的地区出现[一种病媒名称]，且在旱季与[另一种病媒名称]共存，这带来了全年维持疟疾传播的风险。城市地区的农业活动导致了蚊子繁殖力很高的滋生地；因此，需要进行有针对性的病媒控制。
