审视研究迷幻剂辅助心理治疗以治疗照顾者困扰的理论依据。
Examining the Rationale for Studying Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Caregiver Distress.
作者信息
Gold Noah D, Podrebarac Samantha K, White Lindsay A, Marini Christina, Simon Naomi M, Mittelman Mary S, Ross Stephen, Bogenschutz Michael P, Petridis Petros D
机构信息
NYU Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
出版信息
Psychedelic Med (New Rochelle). 2023 Jun 14;1(2):87-97. doi: 10.1089/psymed.2022.0011. eCollection 2023 Jun.
BACKGROUND
More than 50 million people in the United States serve as uncompensated informal caregivers to chronically ill friends or family members. Providing care to a sick loved one can contribute to personal growth but can also cause significant strain. Caregiver distress refers to a constellation of physiological, psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual impairments that typically result when an individual's own health becomes affected while caring for another. Caregiver distress is highly prevalent, affecting an estimated 30-70% of individuals across various caregiver populations. Although evidence-based treatments for caregiver distress exist, they do not sufficiently address all its components. In recent years, clinical trials have demonstrated that psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) may have applications for treating a range of medical and psychiatric conditions that have significant overlap in symptoms to those seen in caregiver distress. While no studies to date have examined PAP for caregiver distress, this article provides a rationale for investigating PAP as a potential novel treatment for this indication.
METHODS
A narrative review on the effects and clinical applications of PAP that significantly overlap with the dimensions of caregiver distress was conducted. Safety considerations, psychedelic selection, and therapeutic structure for studying PAP in the treatment of caregiver distress were also examined.
RESULTS
Psychologically, PAP has been shown to treat anxiety, depression, and reduce suicidal ideation. Physiologically, evidence suggests that psychedelics have anti-inflammatory properties, which may aid caregivers suffering from chronic inflammation. Interpersonally, PAP has been demonstrated to enhance feelings of empathy, connectedness, and strengthen social relationships, which can often become strained while caregiving. Spiritually, PAP has been shown to ameliorate existential distress and hopelessness in cancer patients, which may similarly benefit demoralized caregivers.
CONCLUSION
PAP has the potential to comprehensively treat all biopsychosocial-spiritual dimensions of caregiver distress.
背景
在美国，超过5000万人无偿担任慢性病朋友或家庭成员的非正式护理者。照顾生病的亲人有助于个人成长，但也会造成巨大压力。照顾者困扰是指一系列生理、心理、人际和精神方面的损伤，通常是在个人在照顾他人时自身健康受到影响时产生的。照顾者困扰非常普遍，估计影响着各类照顾者群体中30%-70%的人。尽管存在针对照顾者困扰的循证治疗方法，但它们并未充分解决其所有方面。近年来，临床试验表明，迷幻剂辅助心理治疗（PAP）可能适用于治疗一系列医学和精神疾病，这些疾病的症状与照顾者困扰中所见的症状有很大重叠。虽然迄今为止尚无研究考察PAP对照顾者困扰的作用，但本文为研究PAP作为该适应症的潜在新疗法提供了理论依据。
方法
对PAP的作用和临床应用进行了叙述性综述，这些作用和应用与照顾者困扰的维度有显著重叠。还研究了在治疗照顾者困扰中研究PAP的安全考虑因素、迷幻剂选择和治疗结构。
结果
在心理方面，PAP已被证明可治疗焦虑、抑郁并减少自杀意念。在生理方面，有证据表明迷幻剂具有抗炎特性，这可能有助于患有慢性炎症的照顾者。在人际方面，PAP已被证明可增强同理心、联系感并加强社会关系，而这些在照顾过程中往往会变得紧张。在精神方面，PAP已被证明可改善癌症患者的存在性困扰和绝望感，这可能同样有益于士气低落的照顾者。
结论
PAP有潜力全面治疗照顾者困扰的所有生物心理社会精神层面。
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