Supriya Laha, Dake Deepika, Woch Nyanthanglo, Gupta Prodosh, Gopinath Kodetham, Padmaja Gudipalli, Muthamilarasan Mehanathan
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
J Plant Physiol. 2025 Apr;307:154471. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154471. Epub 2025 Feb 28.
Sugars, vital metabolites for cellular health, play a central role in regulating diverse intracellular pathways that control plant growth and development. They also enhance stress responses, enabling plants to endure adverse conditions. A few intracellular molecules involved in sensing the intracellular sugar content and concomitantly facilitating appropriate response (growth or survivability) are known as sugar sensors. Among the numerous sugar sensors identified in plants, this review focuses on four extensively studied sugar sensors, namely hexokinase (HXK), Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinase-1 (Snf1-related kinase-1 or SnRK1), Target of rapamycin (TOR), and trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P). This review explores the multifaceted functions of these sugar sensors, highlighting their critical role in balancing energy metabolism and coordinating physiological processes under optimal and adverse conditions. By analyzing their involvement in plant growth, development, and stress response, this review underscores the significance of these sensors throughout the plant life cycle. Furthermore, this review highlights the intricate interplay among these sugar sensors, demonstrating how their activities are finely tuned and interdependent. We also examined the crosstalk between these sugar sensors and phytohormones, fine-tuning plant responses to environmental stimuli. Altogether, this review elucidates the significance of sugar sensors as integrators of metabolic and hormonal signals, providing a comprehensive understanding of their pivotal roles in plant biology. This knowledge paves the way for potential agricultural innovations to enhance crop productivity and resilience in the face of climate change.
糖类作为细胞健康的重要代谢物，在调节控制植物生长发育的多种细胞内途径中发挥着核心作用。它们还能增强应激反应，使植物能够忍受不利条件。一些参与感知细胞内糖含量并随之促进适当反应（生长或生存能力）的细胞内分子被称为糖传感器。在植物中鉴定出的众多糖传感器中，本综述重点关注四种经过广泛研究的糖传感器，即己糖激酶（HXK）、蔗糖非发酵1相关激酶-1（Snf1相关激酶-1或SnRK1）、雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）和海藻糖6-磷酸（T6P）。本综述探讨了这些糖传感器的多方面功能，强调了它们在最佳和不利条件下平衡能量代谢和协调生理过程中的关键作用。通过分析它们在植物生长、发育和应激反应中的作用，本综述强调了这些传感器在整个植物生命周期中的重要性。此外，本综述突出了这些糖传感器之间复杂的相互作用，展示了它们的活性是如何精细调节和相互依赖的。我们还研究了这些糖传感器与植物激素之间的相互作用，从而微调植物对环境刺激的反应。总之，本综述阐明了糖传感器作为代谢和激素信号整合者的重要性，全面理解了它们在植物生物学中的关键作用。这些知识为潜在的农业创新铺平了道路，以提高作物在面对气候变化时的生产力和恢复力。
