揭示微胶囊化阿月浑子果壳提取物增强抗菌、抗氧化和生物活性潜力的建模及扫描电子显微镜/ X射线衍射分析见解

Unveiling modeling and SEM/XRD insights into enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant, and bioactive potentials of Micro-encapsulated Pistacia vera hull extract.

作者信息

Karaogul Eyyup, Ugurtay Abdulhalik

机构信息

Harran University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Şanliurfa, Turkey.

出版信息

Food Chem. 2025 Jun 15;477:143510. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143510. Epub 2025 Feb 27.

DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143510

PMID:40048936

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the effects and properties of micro-encapsulation (Mc) of bioactive extracts from Pistacia vera hull (Pv-He) using response surface methodology (RSM) for mathematical modeling-optimization (MMO). The independent variables optimized were temperature (T:120-180 °C), extract dilution (Eks-Dl:0-4), maltodextrin/gum arabic (MDx/GA:20-80 %), and extract-to-wall blend (W-Rt:5-20 g) in spray-drying. The variables significantly influenced water activity (Wa, P < .01 for T), wettability (Wt, P < .0001 for W-Rt), hausner-ratio (Hr, P < .05 for T, P < .001 for W-Rt), efficiency (Efc%, P < .01 for W-Rt), shikimic acid (Sh-Ac, P < .0001 for Eks-Dl/W-Rt), Mc-yield (Mc-Yd), mass (MD) and bulk density (BD), and carr-index (CI). Linear models fit well for Wa, Wt, and Sh-Ac, while quadratic models were better for Hr and Efc%. Optimal conditions were T:150 °C, Eks-Dl:0, MDx/GA:20 %, and W-Rt:20 g, achieving a desirability of 0.992. Predicted values were compared with experimental and nanoencapsulated (Nc) Pv-He. Mc exhibited significantly higher bioactive properties than Nc. Total phenolic (TPC; 21.44 vs. 0.54 mgGAE/gDW), flavonoid (TFC; 16.84 vs. 0.15 mgQrc/gDW), and tannin (TCT; 23.09 vs. 0 mg/gDW) contents were determined. Mc-Sp enhanced antioxidant performance, showing superior DPPH&ABTS results. The antimicrobial activity of Mc showed good antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones ranging from 13.57 to 20.46 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations from 14.55 to 485 μg/mL, comparable to antibiotics. SEM revealed regular, micron-sized microspherical structures with smooth, unsplit walls, indicating strong coating material performance. XRD showed a high proportion of amorphous materials in Nc, suggesting less ordered structures. Encapsulation effectively enriched bioactive components in Pv-He, with optimized parameters improving efficacy and performance.

摘要

本研究旨在采用响应面法（RSM）进行数学建模优化（MMO），以研究阿月浑子果壳生物活性提取物（Pv-He）微囊化（Mc）的效果和特性。优化的自变量包括喷雾干燥中的温度（T：120-180°C）、提取物稀释度（Eks-Dl：0-4）、麦芽糊精/阿拉伯胶（MDx/GA：20-80%）以及提取物与壁材混合物比例（W-Rt：5-20g）。这些变量对水分活度（Wa，T的P<0.01）、润湿性（Wt，W-Rt的P<0.0001）、豪斯纳比率（Hr，T的P<0.05，W-Rt的P<0.001）、效率（Efc%，W-Rt的P<0.01）、莽草酸（Sh-Ac，Eks-Dl/W-Rt的P<0.0001）、微囊产率（Mc-Yd）、质量（MD）和堆积密度（BD）以及卡尔指数（CI）有显著影响。线性模型对Wa、Wt和Sh-Ac拟合良好，而二次模型对Hr和Efc%拟合更好。最佳条件为T：150°C、Eks-Dl：0、MDx/GA：20%和W-Rt：20g，可取性为0.992。将预测值与实验值以及纳米囊化（Nc）的Pv-He进行了比较。Mc表现出比Nc显著更高的生物活性特性。测定了总酚（TPC；21.44对0.54mgGAE/gDW）、类黄酮（TFC；16.84对0.15mgQrc/gDW）和单宁（TCT；23.09对0mg/gDW）含量。Mc-Sp增强了抗氧化性能，在DPPH&ABTS测试中结果优异。Mc的抗菌活性显示出良好的抗菌效果，抑菌圈范围为13.57至20.46mm，最低抑菌浓度为14.55至485μg/mL，与抗生素相当。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示出规则的微米级微球结构，壁光滑、未破裂，表明包衣材料性能良好。X射线衍射（XRD）显示Nc中无定形材料比例较高，表明结构有序性较低。微囊化有效地富集了Pv-He中的生物活性成分，优化参数提高了功效和性能。