Zhang Hao, Ge Chunxia, Fisher David, Hien Nguyen Thi Thu, Musabaev Erkin, Pronyuk Khrystyna, Xia Yin, Zhu Zhide, Wang Yan, Dang Yiping, Zhao Lei
Institute of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of The Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Virol J. 2025 Mar 6;22(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12985-025-02666-1.
In recent years, viral pneumonia has become a significant challenge to global public health, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Viral pneumonia can be caused by various viruses, including influenza virus, RSV, and adenovirus. These viruses trigger inflammatory responses by invading the respiratory epithelial cells, leading to lung damage. Existing antiviral drugs such as ribavirin, adobiravir, and oseltamivir exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting different stages of the viral life cycle but face issues such as increasing drug resistance. Natural components like astragalus saponins, Houttuynia cordata flavonoids, and tea theaflavin-gallates have demonstrated supportive roles in antiviral treatments, capable of not only enhancing immune responses but also potentially inhibiting viral replication through multiple pathways, thereby alleviating lung damage. Although natural components cannot entirely replace traditional antiviral drugs, their role in comprehensive treatment regimens is becoming increasingly important. This review summarizes the current applications and limitations of antiviral drugs and explores the research progress and potential mechanisms of natural components in the treatment of viral pneumonia.
近年来，病毒性肺炎已成为全球公共卫生面临的重大挑战，尤其是在新冠疫情期间。病毒性肺炎可由多种病毒引起，包括流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒。这些病毒通过侵入呼吸道上皮细胞引发炎症反应，导致肺损伤。现有的抗病毒药物如利巴韦林、阿多比韦和奥司他韦通过抑制病毒生命周期的不同阶段发挥治疗作用，但面临耐药性增加等问题。黄芪皂苷、鱼腥草黄酮和茶黄素没食子酸酯等天然成分在抗病毒治疗中已显示出辅助作用，不仅能够增强免疫反应，还可能通过多种途径抑制病毒复制，从而减轻肺损伤。虽然天然成分不能完全取代传统抗病毒药物，但它们在综合治疗方案中的作用正变得越来越重要。本综述总结了抗病毒药物的当前应用和局限性，并探讨了天然成分在治疗病毒性肺炎方面的研究进展和潜在机制。
