Cross-Electrophile Coupling to Form Sterically Hindered C(sp)-C(sp) Bonds: Ni and Co Afford Complementary Reactivity.

The formation of sterically hindered C(sp)-C(sp) bonds could be a useful synthetic tool but has been understudied in cross-electrophile coupling. Here, we report two methods that couple secondary alkyl bromides with aryl halides that contain sterically hindered C-X bonds: 1) -substituted aryl bromides with nickel catalysts and 2) di--substituted aryl iodides with cobalt catalysts. Stoichiometric experiments and deuterium labeling studies show that 1) [Co] is better than [Ni] for oxidative addition of di--substituted Ar-I and 2) [Co] is better than [Ni] for radical capture/reductive elimination steps with di--substituted arenes. For both metals, Ar-H side products observed in reactions with low-yielding di--substituted aryl iodides appear to arise from Ar• formation and hydrogen-atom transfer from the solvent. While the origins of the differences in scope are not yet understood, these studies demonstrate a previously unknown complementarity between nickel and cobalt in cross-electrophile coupling.