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交叉亲电偶联：合成中的原理、方法及应用

Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Principles, Methods, and Applications in Synthesis.

作者信息

Ehehalt Lauren E, Beleh Omar M, Priest Isabella C, Mouat Julianna M, Olszewski Alyssa K, Ahern Benjamin N, Cruz Alexandro R, Chi Benjamin K, Castro Anthony J, Kang Kai, Wang Jiang, Weix Daniel J

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.

出版信息

Chem Rev. 2024 Dec 11;124(23):13397-13569. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00524. Epub 2024 Nov 26.

DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00524
PMID:39591522
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11638928/
Abstract

Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), defined by us as the cross-coupling of two different σ-electrophiles that is driven by catalyst reduction, has seen rapid progression in recent years. As such, this review aims to summarize the field from its beginnings up until mid-2023 and to provide comprehensive coverage on synthetic methods and current state of mechanistic understanding. Chapters are split by type of bond formed, which include C(sp)-C(sp), C(sp)-C(sp), C(sp)-C(sp), and C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation. Additional chapters include alkene difunctionalization, alkyne difunctionalization, and formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. Each chapter is generally organized with an initial summary of mechanisms followed by detailed figures and notes on methodological developments and ending with application notes in synthesis. While XEC is becoming an increasingly utilized approach in synthesis, its early stage of development means that optimal catalysts, ligands, additives, and reductants are still in flux. This review has collected data on these and various other aspects of the reactions to capture the state of the field. Finally, the data collected on the papers in this review is offered as Supporting Information for readers.

摘要

交叉亲电试剂偶联（XEC），我们将其定义为两种不同的σ-亲电试剂在催化剂还原作用下的交叉偶联反应，近年来发展迅速。因此，本综述旨在总结该领域从起源到2023年年中的情况，并全面涵盖合成方法以及当前的机理理解现状。各章节按照形成的键的类型进行划分，包括C(sp)-C(sp)、C(sp)-C(sp)、C(sp)-C(sp)和C(sp)-C(sp)键的形成。其他章节包括烯烃双官能团化、炔烃双官能团化以及碳-杂原子键的形成。每章通常首先对机理进行总结，接着是关于方法学发展的详细图表和注释，最后是合成中的应用注释。虽然XEC在合成中越来越多地被采用，但其发展的早期阶段意味着最佳的催化剂、配体、添加剂和还原剂仍在不断变化。本综述收集了关于这些以及反应其他各个方面的数据，以呈现该领域的现状。最后，本综述中收集的论文数据作为补充信息提供给读者。

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