González González Ana, Martín Casado Ana María, Gómez Polo Cristina
Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain.
J Dent. 2025 May;156:105677. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105677. Epub 2025 Mar 8.
To explore the associations between possible bruxism, sleep quality, depression, anxiety and stress, with a specific focus on gender differences.
An online questionnaire was administered to 400 Spanish-speaking participants, without cognitive impairments. The survey included the possible bruxism self-perception test of Lobbezoo et al., the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Participants were recruited using a "snowball" sampling technique over a five-month period in 2024. The Chi-square test and the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Possible bruxists made up 25.4 % of women (n = 67) and 14.7 % of men (n = 20), with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.019). Depression was present in 30.0 % of participants (33.0 % of women and 24.3 % of men; P = 0.072), anxiety in 30.7 % (36.0 % of women and 20.6 % of men; P = 0.002), and stress in 29.0 % (33.3 % of women and 20.6 % of men; P = 0.008). No significant association was found between possible bruxism and emotional disorders in men, whereas a strong association was observed in women (P < 0.001). Similarly, no statistically significant relationship was found between possible bruxism and sleep quality in either gender. However, poor sleep quality was more common among women than men (54.6 % vs 43.7 %; P = 0.040).
Poor sleep quality, anxiety, stress and depression and possible bruxism are more frequent among women. While no association between possible bruxism and emotional disorders was found in men, a significant relationship was observed in women. Furthermore, although no direct association between possible bruxism and sleep quality was detected, sleep quality was significantly associated with emotional disorders in both genders.
These findings suggest that emotional disorders may contribute to the development of possible bruxism in women but not in men. Therefore, women with emotional disorders should be closely monitored, as they are particularly susceptible to possible bruxism and poor sleep quality. Dentists play a crucial role in diagnosing possible bruxism and identifying patients who may benefit from psychological support.
探讨可能的磨牙症、睡眠质量、抑郁、焦虑和压力之间的关联，特别关注性别差异。
对400名无认知障碍、讲西班牙语的参与者进行了在线问卷调查。该调查包括Lobbezoo等人的可能磨牙症自我认知测试、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数以及抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21（DASS-21）。在2024年的五个月期间，采用“滚雪球”抽样技术招募参与者。使用卡方检验和Fisher-Freeman-Halton精确检验进行统计分析。显著性水平设定为0.05。
可能的磨牙症患者在女性中占25.4%（n = 67），在男性中占14.7%（n = 20），差异具有统计学意义（P = 0.019）。30.0%的参与者存在抑郁（女性为33.0%，男性为24.3%；P = 0.072），30.7%存在焦虑（女性为36.0%，男性为20.6%；P = 0.002），29.0%存在压力（女性为33.3%，男性为20.6%；P = 0.008）。在男性中，未发现可能的磨牙症与情绪障碍之间存在显著关联，而在女性中观察到强烈关联（P < 0.001）。同样，在任何性别中，可能的磨牙症与睡眠质量之间均未发现具有统计学意义的关系。然而，睡眠质量差在女性中比男性更常见（54.6%对43.7%；P = 0.040）。
睡眠质量差、焦虑、压力和抑郁以及可能的磨牙症在女性中更为常见。虽然在男性中未发现可能的磨牙症与情绪障碍之间存在关联，但在女性中观察到显著关系。此外，虽然未检测到可能的磨牙症与睡眠质量之间的直接关联，但睡眠质量在两性中均与情绪障碍显著相关。
这些发现表明，情绪障碍可能导致女性而非男性出现可能的磨牙症。因此，患有情绪障碍的女性应受到密切监测，因为她们特别容易出现可能的磨牙症和睡眠质量差的情况。牙医在诊断可能的磨牙症以及识别可能受益于心理支持的患者方面发挥着关键作用。
