Mugno D A, Feltz D L
Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985 Mar;10(1):26-35.
Our investigation was designed to examine a) the extent to which young male football players and nonplayers learned about illegal aggressive actions through the observation of college and professional football; b) if there was a relationship between youth football players' observations of illegal aggressive acts and the transmission of those acts to players' own games; and c) if there were differences between high school players' and youth league players' awareness of illegal aggressive acts and the use of those acts in their games. The volunteer subjects were 347 high school football players and 122 high school nonplayers between the ages of 15 and 18 years, and 125 youth league football players and 133 junior high or middle school nonplayers between the ages of 12 and 14 years. Results revealed that players consumed significantly more college and professional football than nonplayers. Although statistically significant, players learned, through observation, only one more illegal aggressive act on the average than nonplayers. High school players learned an average of only 1.4 more aggressive acts than youth league players. Results also revealed significant correlations between the number of illegal aggressive acts that players observed and the number of those acts used in their own games for both high school (r = .62) and youth league (r = .50) players. It appears that many illegal aggressive acts are observed through college and professional football by young football players and nonplayers and a relationship exists between the observation of illegal acts and their subsequent use in players' games.
a）年轻男性足球运动员和非运动员通过观看大学和职业足球比赛了解非法攻击性行为的程度；b）青少年足球运动员对非法攻击性行为的观察与这些行为在他们自己比赛中的传播之间是否存在关联；c）高中球员和青少年联赛球员对非法攻击性行为的认知以及在比赛中使用这些行为方面是否存在差异。志愿者受试者包括347名年龄在15至18岁之间的高中足球运动员和122名高中非运动员，以及125名年龄在12至14岁之间的青少年联赛足球运动员和133名初中或初中非运动员。结果显示，球员观看大学和职业足球比赛的次数明显多于非球员。虽然具有统计学意义，但球员通过观察平均比非球员多了解一种非法攻击性行为。高中球员平均比青少年联赛球员多了解1.4种攻击性行为。结果还显示，高中球员（r = 0.62）和青少年联赛球员（r = 0.50）观察到的非法攻击性行为数量与他们在自己比赛中使用的此类行为数量之间存在显著相关性。看来，年轻足球运动员和非运动员通过大学和职业足球比赛观察到了许多非法攻击性行为，并且非法行为的观察与它们随后在球员比赛中的使用之间存在关联。
