Glucose reduced nano-Se mitigates Cu-induced ROS by upregulating antioxidant genes in zebrafish larvae.

This study compares the therapeutic efficiency of bovine serum albumin-stabilized selenium nanoparticles in reducing oxidative stress and improving cellular health. The nanoparticles were synthesized using mussel-extracted selenium with two reducing agents: d-glucose and orange. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the presence of selenium. The reducing agent and duration influenced the nanoparticle size. Reduction with d-glucose for 1 hour revealed that the particles exhibited an average size of 10 nm. Copper sulfate-induced malformations such as yolk sac and pericardial edema were observed with 25 μg ml of orange-reduced nanoparticles, while d-glucose-reduced nanoparticles mitigated these malformations at 25 μg ml. Treatment with stabilized Se-NPs reduced with d-glucose for 30 minutes showed 33% dose-dependent radical scavenging activities, upregulated approximately 2-fold of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase encoding genes and restored homeostasis by decreasing lipid peroxidation (27.32 nmol mg ml) and nitric oxide levels (6.71 μM). They also had the potential to restore cognitive properties such as larval movement (93.40 m) without altering larval behaviour. Live cell imaging indicated a significant decrease in cellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels in the gut and liver. These findings suggest that Se-NPs reduced for 30 minutes with d-glucose are promising candidates for oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration.