Jones Nyasia M, Casto Ethan S, Burkett Linda S, Speich John E, Roldán-Alzate Alejandro, Klausner Adam P
Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, PO Box 980118, Richmond, VA 23298-0118 USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA.
Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep. 2025;20(1):6. doi: 10.1007/s11884-025-00775-9. Epub 2025 Mar 5.
This review will focus on the current usage and the potential future applications of new imaging techniques on the horizon to study overactive and neurogenic bladder.
Bladder Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to non-invasively identify bladder outlet obstruction, detrusor overactivity, and other forms of voiding dysfunction, but motion artifact has been a limiting factor preventing widespread adaptation. However, newer NIRS units employ accelerometers which enable isolation and splicing of motion and on-going studies show renewed promise for bladder NIRS. Ultrasound has been successfully used to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction and other forms of LUT. Techniques including m-mode evaluation of micromotion, as well as the assessment of bladder wall thickness, bladder weight, shape/circularity, vibrometry, and elastography have been explored. Dynamic bladder functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the newest bladder imaging technology on the horizon and provides a novel method to assess bladder function alongside real-time high-resolution 3D anatomic images.
Bladder imaging techniques including NIRS, ultrasound, and functional fMRI have been developed and are now being used as noninvasive techniques that could potentially supplement, or even replace, traditional Urodynamics.
本综述将聚焦于新兴成像技术在研究膀胱过度活动症和神经源性膀胱方面的当前应用及未来潜在应用。
膀胱近红外光谱技术（NIRS）已被用于非侵入性地识别膀胱出口梗阻、逼尿肌过度活动及其他形式的排尿功能障碍，但运动伪影一直是限制其广泛应用的因素。然而，新型NIRS设备采用了加速度计，能够分离并拼接运动信号，正在进行的研究显示膀胱NIRS有望重获生机。超声已成功用于评估膀胱出口梗阻及其他下尿路形式。已探索了包括微运动的M型评估以及膀胱壁厚度、膀胱重量、形状/圆度、振动测量和弹性成像等技术。动态膀胱功能磁共振成像（fMRI）是即将出现的最新膀胱成像技术，它提供了一种新方法，可在获取实时高分辨率三维解剖图像的同时评估膀胱功能。
包括NIRS、超声和功能fMRI在内的膀胱成像技术已得到发展，目前正被用作非侵入性技术，有可能补充甚至取代传统尿动力学检查。
