Differential susceptibility of and clinical isolates from Ghana and Mali to current and lead discovery candidate antimalarial drugs.

UNLABELLED

Non-falciparum species causing malaria in humans are considered neglected in the fight toward malaria elimination. Recent data highlight the increasing contribution of to malaria morbidity and mortality. In this study, the susceptibility of and to current antimalarial drugs was compared to advanced lead candidate drugs using field isolates. The blood samples were collected from the Central region of Ghana and Faladje and Kati in Mali. Following this, an drug efficacy assay was conducted by screening mono-infected isolates against a panel of antimalarials. In Ghana, the susceptibility of the two species to most of the current antimalarial drugs was comparable, except for artemether, sulfadoxine, and atovaquone, for which the drugs were less potent against than (7.12 vs 2.15 nM, 25.72 vs 7.86 nM, and 10.38 vs 2.51 nM, respectively). In Mali, quinine was significantly more potent against than (18.35 and 26.84 nM), and tafenoquine was less potent against than (5.50 and 2.85 nM). Among the candidate drugs, except INE963, whose inhibitory potency was comparable between both species, the other compounds significantly inhibited more than . The data showed that current drugs investigated against the isolates from Ghana may be suitable for curing infections. However, in Mali, chloroquine resistance appeared to have affected the suitability of quinine-based compounds for non-falciparum malaria treatment. Therefore, additional studies are required to establish the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of infections.

IMPORTANCE

One major hurdle to research in the community is our inability to have continuous culture for parasites such as and . These two are common in the West African region and co-occur with in driving both clinical or asymptomatic infections as either mono-infections or mixed infections. This manuscript is a buildup of our efforts at using methods to study the susceptibility of and to conventional and lead compounds, comparing the isolates from Ghana and Mali. This is necessary to facilitate drug discovery efforts in combating malaria holistically. The community will greatly see this work as a step in the right direction, stimulating more research into these other parasites causing malaria.