探索木霉次生代谢产物对二斑叶螨（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）的防治潜力。

Exploring the potential of Trichoderma secondary metabolites against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).

作者信息

Evren Gökçenur, Korkom Yunus, Saboori Alireza, Cakmak Ibrahim

机构信息

Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Aydin, Türkiye.

Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Aydin, Türkiye; University of Tehran, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, Karaj, Iran.

出版信息

J Invertebr Pathol. 2025 Jul;211:108299. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108299. Epub 2025 Mar 8.

DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2025.108299

PMID:40064463

Abstract

This study aimed to determine 1) the effects of fungal filtrates containing secondary metabolites from five different isolates of four different Trichoderma species (Trichoderma afroharzianum, T. guizhouense, T. harzianum, and T. virens) grown in different liquid media [malt extract broth (MEB), potato dextrose broth (PDB), yeast peptone glucose (YPG), minimal medium (MM), czapek-dox broth (CDB)] on Tetranychus urticae female, and 2) the effects of Trichoderma filtrates obtained from YPG liquid media on the different biological stages of T. urticae in Petri dish and pot experiments. Results showed that the Trichoderma filtrates produced in the YPG medium exhibited the highest mortality rate of 67.6-83.1 % against T. urticae females at 7 days post-application (dpa) compared to other media. In Petri dish experiments, the mortality rates of Trichoderma filtrates on egg, larva, protonymph and deutonymph stages of T. urticae at 7 dpa were 54.0-57.8 %, 71.5-76.0 %, 72.5-79.8 % and 72.8-80.8 %, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the Trichoderma species and control (P < 0.01) but not among the Trichoderma species (P > 0.05). Trichoderma afroharzianum (83 %) and T. virens (84 %) showed the highest mortality rate on T. urticae adult females at 7 dpa and statistically significant differences were observed among Trichoderma species. Pot experiments revealed that the number of viable T. urticae eggs and mobile stages was significantly lower for T. afroharzianum (110.3 eggs, 105.8 mobile stages) and T. virens (118.5 eggs, 115.3 mobile stages) compared to the control (518.9 eggs, 452.5 mobile stages) at 7 dpa. Significant differences were observed between Trichoderma species and control, but not between T. afroharzianum and T. virens. These findings suggest that Trichoderma secondary metabolites are highly effective against economically important pest such as T. urticae, demonstrating their potential as bio-acaricides. Future research should focus on identifying the specific acaricidal compound(s) within these filtrates.

摘要

本研究旨在确定

1）在不同液体培养基[麦芽提取物肉汤（MEB）、马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤（PDB）、酵母蛋白胨葡萄糖（YPG）、基本培养基（MM）、察氏肉汤（CDB）]中培养的四种不同木霉属物种（哈茨木霉非洲变种、贵州木霉、哈茨木霉和绿色木霉）的五个不同分离株所产生的含有次生代谢产物的真菌滤液对二斑叶螨雌螨的影响；2）从YPG液体培养基中获得的木霉滤液在培养皿和盆栽试验中对二斑叶螨不同生物阶段的影响。结果表明，与其他培养基相比，在YPG培养基中产生的木霉滤液在施药后7天对二斑叶螨雌螨的死亡率最高，为67.6%-83.1%。在培养皿试验中，木霉滤液在施药后7天对二斑叶螨卵、幼虫、若螨和雌若螨阶段的死亡率分别为54.0%-57.8%、71.5%-76.0%、72.5%-79.8%和72.8%-80.8%。在木霉属物种和对照之间观察到显著差异（P<0.01），但在木霉属物种之间未观察到显著差异（P>0.05）。哈茨木霉非洲变种（83%）和绿色木霉（84%）在施药后7天对二斑叶螨成年雌螨的死亡率最高，并且在木霉属物种之间观察到统计学上的显著差异。盆栽试验表明，与对照（518.9个卵、452.5个活动阶段）相比，在施药后7天，哈茨木霉非洲变种（110.3个卵、105.8个活动阶段）和绿色木霉（118.5个卵、115.3个活动阶段）的二斑叶螨存活卵数和活动阶段数显著更低。在木霉属物种和对照之间观察到显著差异，但在哈茨木霉非洲变种和绿色木霉之间未观察到显著差异。这些发现表明，木霉次生代谢产物对诸如二斑叶螨这种具有经济重要性的害虫具有高效性，证明了它们作为生物杀螨剂的潜力。未来的研究应侧重于鉴定这些滤液中的特定杀螨化合物。