Iliev Iliyan D, Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N, Guo Chun-Jun
Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2025 Mar 10. doi: 10.1038/s41579-025-01163-0.
Perturbations in the intestinal microbiome are strongly linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bacteria, fungi and viruses all make up part of a complex multi-kingdom community colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, often referred to as the gut microbiome. They can exert various effects on the host that can contribute to an inflammatory state. Advances in screening, multiomics and experimental approaches have revealed insights into host-microbiota interactions in IBD and have identified numerous mechanisms through which the microbiota and its metabolites can exert a major influence on the gastrointestinal tract. Looking into the future, the microbiome and microbiota-associated processes will be likely to provide unparalleled opportunities for novel diagnostic, therapeutic and diet-inspired solutions for the management of IBD through harnessing rationally designed microbial communities, powerful bacterial and fungal metabolites, individually or in combination, to foster intestinal health. In this Review, we examine the current understanding of the cross-kingdom gut microbiome in IBD, focusing on bacterial and fungal components and metabolites. We examine therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities, the microbial metabolism, immunity, neuroimmunology and microbiome-inspired interventions to link mechanisms of disease and identify novel research and therapeutic opportunities for IBD.
肠道微生物群的紊乱与炎症性肠病（IBD）的发病机制密切相关。细菌、真菌和病毒共同构成了定植于胃肠道的复杂多界群落的一部分，这个群落通常被称为肠道微生物群。它们可对宿主产生多种影响，进而导致炎症状态。筛查、多组学和实验方法的进展揭示了IBD中宿主-微生物群相互作用的相关见解，并确定了微生物群及其代谢产物可对胃肠道产生重大影响的众多机制。展望未来，微生物群及与微生物群相关的过程可能会为IBD的管理提供前所未有的机会，以实现新的诊断、治疗和基于饮食的解决方案，即通过合理设计微生物群落、强效细菌和真菌代谢产物，单独或联合使用，来促进肠道健康。在本综述中，我们审视了目前对IBD中跨界肠道微生物群的理解，重点关注细菌和真菌成分及代谢产物。我们探讨了治疗和诊断机会、微生物代谢、免疫、神经免疫学以及受微生物群启发的干预措施，以关联疾病机制并确定IBD的新研究和治疗机会。
