Nure Muzemil Ebrahim, Weldegebreal Fitsum, Tebeje Fikru, Sime Akewok, Regassa Lemma Demissie
Moyale Primary Hospital, Oromia Health Bureau, Moyale, Ethiopia.
School Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Front Epidemiol. 2025 Feb 24;5:1443148. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2025.1443148. eCollection 2025.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. Globally, more than 79.3 million people have been infected with it, and about 36.3 million people have died since the beginning of the epidemic. Ethiopia is one of the major affected countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with a huge number of people living with HIV. The identification of recent HIV-1 infections plays a crucial role in guiding prevention and control interventions. Moreover, data on the prevalence and factors associated with recent HIV-1 infection among cases tested by the Asante Rapid Recency Assay at health facilities in the Harari region has been inadequate. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of recent HIV-1 infection among newly identified HIV-positive individuals tested with the Asante Rapid Recency Assay in Health Facilities of Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia.
Retrospective cross-sectional study was employed using HIV-1 diagnoses data from April 15-20, 2024 with 580 study participants. The data were extracted based on the standardized HIV Case-Based Surveillance report form, as outlined by the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Data extracted from Redcap were checked and cleared for completeness then entered and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software version 27. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were carried out to examine the associations between dependent and independent variables. A -value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The overall prevalence of recent HIV infection was 9.1% (95% CI: 7.0%, 11.8%). The highest proportion of recent HIV infections was in the year 2019 [9(22.5%)]. The study also found that no formal education (AOR = 18.424, 95% CI = 1.468-231.2), primary educational level (AOR = 22.1, 95% CI = 1.91-256.1, = 0.013), no formal education (AOR = 18.424, 95% CI = 1.468-231.2, = 0.028), having sex in the last 12 months (AOR = 5.508, 95% CI = 2.167-15.7, = <.001), having sex with known/suspected HIV positive (AOR = 4.35, 95% CI = 1.455-13.04, = 0.009) and Illicit drug use (AOR = 57.8, 95% CI = 16.19-207.5, = <.001) had higher likelihood of having recent HIV infection.
This study found a 9.1% proportion of recent HIV infections, indicating significant ongoing HIV transmission within the community. The study also revealed multiple risk factors for recent HIV infection, including lower educational levels, recent sexual activity, sex with high-risk partners, and drug use. This study emphasizes the significance of improving targeted HIV preventive programs.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是一种攻击免疫系统的病毒。在全球范围内，超过7930万人感染了该病毒，自疫情开始以来约有3630万人死亡。埃塞俄比亚是撒哈拉以南非洲主要受影响的国家之一，有大量艾滋病毒感染者。识别近期的HIV-1感染在指导预防和控制干预措施方面起着至关重要的作用。此外，关于在哈拉里地区医疗机构通过阿桑特快速近期检测法检测的病例中近期HIV-1感染的患病率及相关因素的数据一直不足。本研究旨在评估在埃塞俄比亚东部哈拉里地区医疗机构中通过阿桑特快速近期检测法检测出的新确诊HIV阳性个体中近期HIV-1感染的患病率及相关因素。
采用回顾性横断面研究，使用2024年4月15日至20日的HIV-1诊断数据，研究对象为580人。数据根据埃塞俄比亚公共卫生研究所概述的标准化基于HIV病例的监测报告表提取。从Redcap中提取的数据经过检查和清理以确保完整性，然后使用社会科学统计软件包第27版进行录入和分析。进行二元和多变量回归分析以检验因变量和自变量之间的关联。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
近期HIV感染的总体患病率为9.1%（95%置信区间：7.0%，11.8%）。近期HIV感染比例最高的是2019年[9例（22.5%）]。研究还发现，未接受正规教育（调整后比值比[AOR]=18.424，95%置信区间=1.468 - 231.2）、小学教育水平（AOR = 22.1，95%置信区间=1.91 - 256.1，P = 0.013）、未接受正规教育（AOR = 18.424，95%置信区间=1.468 - 231.2，P = 0.028）、在过去12个月内有性行为（AOR = 5.508，95%置信区间=2.167 - 15.7，P <.001）、与已知/疑似HIV阳性者发生性行为（AOR = 4.35，95%置信区间=1.455 - 13.04，P = 0.009）以及使用非法药物（AOR = 57.8，95%置信区间=16.19 - 207.5，P <.001）的人群近期感染HIV的可能性更高。
本研究发现近期HIV感染比例为9.1%，表明社区内HIV传播仍很显著。该研究还揭示了近期HIV感染的多种风险因素，包括教育水平较低、近期性行为、与高危伴侣发生性行为以及药物使用。本研究强调了改进针对性HIV预防项目的重要性。
