Sex-based Differences in the Utility and Outcomes of Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

The totality of evidence suggests that there remains a significant disparity in the use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and heart transplantation (HT) in women. This disparity persists even after accounting for differences in baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and cardiovascular risk factors between men and women undergoing LVAD implantation as a bridge to HT. Generally, women are less likely to undergo HT, leading to a higher mortality rate in women on the HT waiting list. The differences in risk profiles and device-related complications may account for the sexrelated disparities in the assignment of device therapies. These findings warrant an urgent need to conduct prospective studies to better define this conundrum and establish guidelines to narrow the current gaps in care.