Han Bin, Feng Chunlin, Jiang Yuan, Ye Caihong, Wei Yueshuai, Liu Jinbo, Zeng Zhangrui
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Clinical Diseases Molecular Diagnosis, Luzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Feb 24;16:1529157. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1529157. eCollection 2025.
is an opportunistic pathogen primarily associated with nosocomial infections, characterized by a propensity for multi-drug resistance and the potential evolution into hypervirulent strains. Based on its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, can be classified into two types: classical (cKP) and hypervirulent (hvKP). The spread of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in has led to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent (CR-hvKP). The emergence of CR-hvKP is particularly concerning due to its multidrug resistance, high pathogenicity, and increased transmissibility. This review summarizes the types of MGEs present in , the mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mediated by these mobile elements, their roles in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes, and the relationships among MGEs that resemble Russian dolls or exhibit hybrid characteristics. Additionally, the clinical treatment and epidemiological characteristics of CR-hvKP are discussed. Given the high variability and transmissibility of MGEs, continuous monitoring and control of the variation and transmission of such genetic material in should be prioritized.
是一种主要与医院感染相关的机会致病菌，其特征是具有多重耐药性倾向以及可能演变为高毒力菌株。根据其表型和基因型特征，可分为两种类型：经典型（cKP）和高毒力型（hvKP）。移动遗传元件（MGEs）在其中的传播导致了耐碳青霉烯类（CRKP）和耐碳青霉烯类高毒力（CR-hvKP）的出现。CR-hvKP的出现尤其令人担忧，因为它具有多重耐药性、高致病性和更高的传播性。本综述总结了中存在的MGEs类型、这些移动元件介导的水平基因转移（HGT）机制、它们在抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和毒力基因传播中的作用，以及类似俄罗斯套娃或具有杂交特征的MGEs之间的关系。此外，还讨论了CR-hvKP的临床治疗和流行病学特征。鉴于MGEs的高度变异性和传播性，应优先持续监测和控制这类遗传物质在中的变异和传播。
