Rónai Levente, Hann Flóra, Kéri Szabolcs, Polner Bertalan
Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
J Pers. 2025 Mar 11. doi: 10.1111/jopy.13019.
Schizotypal personality traits, such as unusual experiences, odd beliefs, or social anhedonia, predict psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and heightened stress-reactivity in daily life. Yet, in previous studies, stressor appraisal, but not exposure, was used to predict stress-reactivity, which might be a consequence of behavioral sensitization rather than a valid predictor of it.
We conducted an experience sampling study where 126 participants reported PLEs, event appraisals, and exposure to stressors, yielding 4611 observations. We tested the association of schizotypal traits with PLEs and event-unpleasantness in interaction with stressor exposure.
Disorganized (but not positive or negative) schizotypy predicted not only more intense PLEs but also higher PLEs in periods when stressor exposure had risen. However, in higher negative schizotypy, such PLE-reactivity to stressors was reversed. Moreover, individuals with higher disorganization found events more unpleasant overall, and for them, being exposed to more stressors was related to a steeper rise in appraising events as unpleasant.
Disorganization, but not positive or negative schizotypy, might be a specific determinant of stressor-related increases in PLEs and negative event appraisal in everyday life in the general population. This supports that disorganized personality might be a critical predictor of vulnerability to stress-related mental health impairments.
分裂型人格特质，如异常体验、怪异信念或社交快感缺失，可预测类精神病体验（PLEs）以及日常生活中增强的应激反应性。然而，在以往研究中，用于预测应激反应性的是应激源评估而非暴露情况，这可能是行为致敏的结果而非其有效预测指标。
我们开展了一项经验取样研究，126名参与者报告了类精神病体验、事件评估及应激源暴露情况，共产生4611条观察数据。我们测试了分裂型特质与类精神病体验及事件不愉快程度之间在与应激源暴露相互作用时的关联。
紊乱型（而非阳性或阴性）分裂型人格不仅预测了更强烈的类精神病体验，还预测了应激源暴露增加时期更高的类精神病体验。然而，在高阴性分裂型人格中，这种对应激源的类精神病体验反应性则相反。此外，紊乱型得分较高的个体总体上觉得事件更不愉快，对他们而言，暴露于更多应激源与将事件评估为不愉快的程度急剧上升有关。
紊乱型而非阳性或阴性分裂型人格可能是普通人群日常生活中应激源相关的类精神病体验增加及负面事件评估的特定决定因素。这支持了紊乱型人格可能是易患应激相关心理健康损害的关键预测指标。
