Allinger Jérémie, Costalat Guillaume, Chiron Catherine, Nouhliane Marion, Mediouni Gaelle, Carré Emilie, Lemaître Frédéric
Faculty of Sports Sciences, CETAPS EA 3832, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.
HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Mar 12. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05742-0.
The study investigated the changes in cardiovascular and cerebral hemodynamics elicited by the diving response during static (S) and dynamic (DYN) breath-holding (BH) in moderately trained recreational breath-hold divers (BHDs).
Nineteen BHDs (42.9 ± 7.8 years, 5.7 ± 2.5 years of breath-hold practice) participated in the study. Cardiovascular and cerebral hemodynamics, along with muscle and pre-frontal cortex oxygenation, were continuously tracked throughout a single S and DYN by means of arterial volume clamp, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was measured pre- and post-BH to evaluate potential neuronal stress.
At the end of BH, the manifestations of the diving response were similar in both conditions, characterized by a bradycardic response (S: - 14 ± 6%, p < 0.05; DYN: - 13 ± 18%, p < 0.05) and an increase in total peripheral resistance (S: + 127 ± 46%, p < 0.05; DYN: + 116 ± 110%, p < 0.05). Mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity increased significantly more during S (+ 139 ± 17%, p < 0.05) than DYN (+ 109 ± 23%, p < 0.05). Relative changes in pre-frontal cortex deoxygenated hemoglobin were higher during DYN compared to S (+ 350 ± 106% vs. + 128 ± 27%, p < 0.05). NSE levels did not change pre- and post- S and DYN.
Due to relatively attenuated increase in cerebral blood velocity, DYN resulted in a greater imbalance between oxygen supply and pre-frontal oxygen consumption than S. However, NSE levels remained unchanged from baseline values, suggesting that no acute neuronal damage occurred in either condition.
本研究调查了适度训练的休闲屏气潜水者（BHD）在静态（S）和动态（DYN）屏气（BH）过程中潜水反射引起的心血管和脑血流动力学变化。
19名BHD（42.9±7.8岁，屏气练习5.7±2.5年）参与了本研究。通过动脉容积钳、经颅多普勒超声和近红外光谱法，在单次S和DYN过程中持续跟踪心血管和脑血流动力学，以及肌肉和前额叶皮层的氧合情况。此外，在屏气前后测量神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE），以评估潜在的神经元应激。
在屏气结束时，两种情况下潜水反射的表现相似，其特征为心动过缓反应（S：-14±6%，p<0.05；DYN：-13±18%，p<0.05）和总外周阻力增加（S：+127±46%，p<0.05；DYN：+116±110%，p<0.05）。平均大脑中动脉血流速度在S期间（+139±17%，p<0.05）比DYN期间（+109±23%，p<0.05）显著增加更多。与S相比，DYN期间前额叶皮层脱氧血红蛋白的相对变化更高（+350±106%对+128±27%，p<0.05）。S和DYN前后NSE水平没有变化。
由于脑血流速度增加相对减弱，DYN导致的氧供应与前额叶氧消耗之间的失衡比S更大。然而，NSE水平与基线值相比保持不变，表明在两种情况下均未发生急性神经元损伤。
