Ren Fang, Zhang Lili, Zhao Di, Zhang Jin
Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
BMC Pulm Med. 2025 Mar 11;25(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03523-1.
Epidemiological investigations provide considerable evidence supporting the coexistence of upper airway ailments with lower airway disorders, but the association between common nasal diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, and chronic respiratory conditions require further exploration.
In this study, a two-sample mendelian randomization was employed to explore the potential association between allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, and chronic sinusitis with various chronic respiratory diseases. For the primary analysis, summary statistics related to chronic respiratory diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank of European ancestry. To externally validate the results, summary statistics related to chronic respiratory diseases were sourced from the FinnGen R10 database. The analysis incorporated various methodologies, including the inverse variance weighted method, the MR Egger method, and the weighted median method. Sensitivity analysis encompassed Cochran 's Q test, MR-Egger intercept tests, leave-one-out analyses, and the construction of funnel plots.
Allergic rhinitis was significantly associated with asthma (UKB database, OR 1.082, 95% CI 1.072-1.0924, P < 0.001; FinnGen database, OR 1.382, 95% CI 1.305-1.462, P < 0.001), COPD (UKB database, OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.006, P = 0.020; FinnGen database, OR 1.102, 95% CI 1.037-1.172, P = 0.002), ILD (UKB database, OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.010-1.017, P < 0.001; FinnGen database, OR 1.152, 95% CI 1.035-1.283, P = 0.010). Nasal polyps were potentially related to the increased risks of COPD (UKB database, OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.004, P < 0.001; FinnGen database, OR 1.092, 95% CI 1.050-1.136, P < 0.001) and bronchiectasis (UKB database, OR 1.000, 95% CI 1.000-1.001, P = 0.036; FinnGen database, OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.022-1.203, P = 0.013).
This study indicates a potential relationship between allergic rhinitis and respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Additionally, the presence of nasal polyps appears to be correlated with an increased prevalence of COPD and bronchiectasis.
流行病学调查提供了大量证据支持上呼吸道疾病与下呼吸道疾病并存，但过敏性鼻炎、慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉等常见鼻部疾病与慢性呼吸道疾病之间的关联尚需进一步探索。
在本研究中，采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法来探索过敏性鼻炎、鼻息肉和慢性鼻窦炎与各种慢性呼吸道疾病之间的潜在关联。对于主要分析，与慢性呼吸道疾病相关的汇总统计数据来自欧洲血统的英国生物银行。为了外部验证结果，与慢性呼吸道疾病相关的汇总统计数据来自芬兰基因R10数据库。分析采用了多种方法，包括逆方差加权法、MR-Egger法和加权中位数法。敏感性分析包括Cochran's Q检验、MR-Egger截距检验、留一法分析以及漏斗图的构建。
过敏性鼻炎与哮喘显著相关（英国生物银行数据库，OR 1.082，95%CI 1.072 - 1.0924，P < 0.001；芬兰基因数据库，OR 1.382，95%CI 1.305 - 1.462，P < 0.001）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）（英国生物银行数据库，OR 1.003，95%CI 1.001 - 1.006，P = 0.020；芬兰基因数据库，OR 1.102，95%CI 1.037 - 1.172，P = 0.002）、间质性肺疾病（ILD）（英国生物银行数据库，OR 1.013，95%CI 1.010 - 1.017，P < 0.001；芬兰基因数据库，OR 1.152，95%CI 1.035 - 1.283，P = 0.010）。鼻息肉可能与COPD风险增加相关（英国生物银行数据库，OR 1.003，95%CI 1.001 - 1.004，P < 0.001；芬兰基因数据库，OR 1.092，95%CI 1.050 - 1.136，P < 0.001）和支气管扩张（英国生物银行数据库，OR 1.000，95%CI 1.000 - 1.001，P = 0.036；芬兰基因数据库，OR 1.109，95%CI 1.022 - 1.203，P = 0.013）。
本研究表明过敏性鼻炎与哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和间质性肺疾病（ILD）等呼吸道疾病之间存在潜在关系。此外，鼻息肉的存在似乎与COPD和支气管扩张的患病率增加相关。
