Abraham L D, Loeb G E
Exp Brain Res. 1985;58(3):583-93.
Chronic recordings were made of electromyographic (EMG) activity, tension, and length of distal hindlimb muscles in six cats performing a variety of normal motor tasks. Muscles studied thoroughly or in part were medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, and peroneus brevis. Postural and locomotor activities were examined, as well as jumping, landing, scratching, and paw shaking. In general, muscles could be assigned to traditional groupings (e.g. extensor, flexor) related to the demands of the motor task. Patterns of muscle activity were most often consistent with current understanding of muscle mechanics and neural coordination. However, purely functional distinctions between flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus ("anatomical synergists") were made on the basis of activity patterns. Likewise, the activity of plantaris and flexor digitorum brevis, which are attached in series, was differentiated in certain tasks. The rhythmical oscillatory patterns of scratching and paw shaking were found to differ temporally in a manner consistent with the limb mechanics. In several cases, mechanical explanations of specific muscle activity required length and force records, as well as EMG patterns. Future efforts to study motor patterns should incorporate information about the relationships between muscle activation, tension, length and velocity.
对六只进行各种正常运动任务的猫的后肢远端肌肉的肌电图（EMG）活动、张力和长度进行了长期记录。全面或部分研究的肌肉包括腓肠肌内侧头、腓肠肌外侧头、跖肌、比目鱼肌、趾短屈肌、趾长屈肌、拇长屈肌、胫骨后肌、胫骨前肌、趾长伸肌、腓骨长肌和腓骨短肌。检查了姿势和运动活动，以及跳跃、着陆、抓挠和甩爪。一般来说，肌肉可以根据运动任务的需求被归入传统的类别（如伸肌、屈肌）。肌肉活动模式大多与当前对肌肉力学和神经协调的理解一致。然而，趾长屈肌和拇长屈肌（“解剖学协同肌”）之间纯粹的功能差异是根据活动模式确定的。同样，串联附着的跖肌和趾短屈肌的活动在某些任务中也有所不同。发现抓挠和甩爪的节律性振荡模式在时间上有所不同，这与肢体力学一致。在几种情况下，对特定肌肉活动的力学解释需要长度和力记录以及EMG模式。未来研究运动模式的工作应纳入有关肌肉激活、张力、长度和速度之间关系的信息。
