Jiao Chenyue, Cui Changze, Qi Youpeng, Zhang Meixian, Zhao Pengcheng, Chen Shaopeng, Wang Xiangyan, Hu Jiang, Shi Bingang, Liu Ting, Zhao Zhidong, Zhao Fangfang
Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Linxia Beef Cattle Industry Development Research Institute, Linxia, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Feb 25;16:1533851. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1533851. eCollection 2025.
Straw pellet ration replacing part of silage is of great significance for farmers to save farming costs and solve the lack of feed resources. A comprehensive analysis of rumen microbial and serum metabolite compositions is conducted to promote the development of the modern breeding cows-feeding industry.
In this study, 18 healthy 2-year-old Simmental breeding cows weighing 550 ± 20 kg were selected and randomly divided into two groups. They were fed under the same feeding conditions for 70 days, of which 8 in the control (CON) group were fed 65% roughage (100% silage) + 35% concentrate, and 10 in the treatment (TRT) group were fed 65% roughage (50% corn stover pellets +50% silage) + 35% concentrate, and milk quality, serum immunity indexes, serum metabolomes, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen Microorganisms.
The results showed that there was no significant difference in production performance between the two groups of breeding cows fed hay and Corn stover pellet feed ( < 0.05); Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was significantly higher in TRT compared to CON ( < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) between the two groups ( 0.05); a total of 92 differential metabolites were screened out in the serum metabolomics analysis, among them, L-valine, L-leucine, L-arginine, L-cysteine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan were up-regulated; In rumen fermentation parameters there was no significant difference between CON and TRT in rumen pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) content, rumen Acetic/Propionic concentration ( 0.05), and the concentration of Acetic, Propionic, butyric and Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in CON was significantly lower than that in TRT ( < 0.05). Among the rumen microorganisms, the dominant groups were Thick-walled Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and . In the correlation analysis between rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microorganisms, Propionic and TVFA showed a significant positive correlation with ( < 0.05), butyric showed a highly significant positive correlation with ( < 0.01), and propionic butyric, and TVFA showed a positive correlation with ( < 0.05); L-cysteine was significantly positively correlated with and ( < 0.05) and in rumen microbial-serum metabolite correlation analysis ( < 0.01).
The microbial and metabolomic analyses provide us with essential data support to further provide a scientific basis for breeding cows feeding through the feeding pattern of straw pellets instead of silage, which will help breeding cows farming in future research.
用秸秆颗粒饲料替代部分青贮饲料对养殖户节约养殖成本、解决饲料资源短缺具有重要意义。通过对瘤胃微生物和血清代谢物组成进行综合分析，以推动现代奶牛养殖产业的发展。
本研究选取18头体重550±20千克的健康2岁西门塔尔奶牛，随机分为两组。在相同饲养条件下饲养70天，其中对照组（CON）8头，饲喂65%粗饲料（100%青贮饲料）+35%精饲料；试验组（TRT）10头，饲喂65%粗饲料（50%玉米秸秆颗粒+50%青贮饲料）+35%精饲料，并检测牛奶品质、血清免疫指标、血清代谢组、瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃微生物。
结果表明，两组奶牛饲喂干草和玉米秸秆颗粒饲料后的生产性能无显著差异（P>0.05）；试验组的免疫球蛋白A（IgA）显著高于对照组（P<0.05），两组的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和免疫球蛋白M（IgM）无显著差异（P>0.05）；血清代谢组学分析共筛选出92种差异代谢物，其中L-缬氨酸、L-亮氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-半胱氨酸、L-酪氨酸和L-色氨酸上调；瘤胃发酵参数方面，对照组和试验组的瘤胃pH值、瘤胃氨氮（NH₃-N）含量、瘤胃乙酸/丙酸浓度无显著差异（P>0.05），对照组的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度显著低于试验组（P<0.05）。瘤胃微生物中，优势菌群为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门等。在瘤胃发酵参数与瘤胃微生物的相关性分析中，丙酸和TVFA与某菌呈显著正相关（P<0.05），丁酸与某菌呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），丙酸、丁酸和TVFA与某菌呈正相关（P<0.05）；在瘤胃微生物-血清代谢物相关性分析中，L-半胱氨酸与某菌和某菌呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与某菌呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。
微生物和代谢组学分析为我们提供了重要的数据支持，以便通过秸秆颗粒饲料而非青贮饲料的饲喂模式为奶牛饲养进一步提供科学依据，这将有助于未来奶牛养殖的研究。
