Shi Sha-Sha, Cai Zi-Qi, Lu Chen-Kai, Li Jing, Geng Nan-Nan, Lin Dong-Tao, Yang Tao, Liu Tao
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
Future Technology School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Feb 20;15(5):330. doi: 10.3390/nano15050330.
Sodium-sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium-sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique due to their high operating temperature and costly maintenance. In contrast, room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries exhibit significant advantages in these regards. The most commonly utilized cathode active material is the S molecule, whose intricate transformation process plays a crucial role in enhancing battery capacity. However, this process concomitantly generates a substantial quantity of polysulfide intermediates, leading to diminished kinetics and reduced cathode utilization efficiency. The pivotal strategy is the design of catalysts with adsorption and catalytic functionalities, which can be applied to the cathode. Herein, we present a summary of the current research progress in terms of nanostructure engineering, catalyst strategies, and regulating sulfur species conversion pathways from the perspective of high-performance host design strategy. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic performance is provided from four perspectives: metal catalysts, compound catalysts, atomically dispersed catalysts, and heterojunctions. Finally, we analyze the bottlenecks and challenges, offering some thoughts and suggestions for overcoming these issues.
钠硫电池因其大容量、原材料丰富和成本效益高，已成为大规模储能极具吸引力的解决方案。然而，传统钠硫电池因其高工作温度和高昂的维护成本而受到批评。相比之下，室温钠硫电池在这些方面具有显著优势。最常用的阴极活性材料是S分子，其复杂的转化过程对提高电池容量起着关键作用。然而，这一过程会同时产生大量多硫化物中间体，导致动力学降低和阴极利用效率降低。关键策略是设计具有吸附和催化功能的催化剂，并将其应用于阴极。在此，我们从高性能主体设计策略的角度，对纳米结构工程、催化剂策略以及调节硫物种转化途径方面的当前研究进展进行总结。从金属催化剂、复合催化剂、原子分散催化剂和异质结四个角度对催化性能进行了全面分析。最后，我们分析了瓶颈和挑战，并为克服这些问题提供了一些思路和建议。
