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仿生离子传感器：将自然机制转化为传感技术

Bio-Inspired Ionic Sensors: Transforming Natural Mechanisms into Sensory Technologies.

作者信息

Choi Kyongtae, Lee Gibeom, Lee Min-Gyu, Hwang Hee Jae, Lee Kibeom, Lee Younghoon

机构信息

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.

出版信息

Nanomicro Lett. 2025 Mar 12;17(1):180. doi: 10.1007/s40820-025-01692-6.

DOI:10.1007/s40820-025-01692-6
PMID:40072809
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11904071/
Abstract

Many natural organisms have evolved unique sensory systems over millions of years that have allowed them to detect various changes in their surrounding environments. Sensory systems feature numerous receptors-such as photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and chemoreceptors-that detect various types of external stimuli, including light, pressure, vibration, sound, and chemical substances. These stimuli are converted into electrochemical signals, which are transmitted to the brain to produce the sensations of sight, touch, hearing, taste, and smell. Inspired by the biological principles of sensory systems, recent advancements in electronics have led to a wide range of applications in artificial sensors. In the current review, we highlight recent developments in artificial sensors inspired by biological sensory systems utilizing soft ionic materials. The versatile characteristics of these ionic materials are introduced while focusing on their mechanical and electrical properties. The features and working principles of natural and artificial sensing systems are investigated in terms of six categories: vision, tactile, hearing, gustatory, olfactory, and proximity sensing. Lastly, we explore several challenges that must be overcome while outlining future research directions in the field of soft ionic sensors.

摘要

数百万年来，许多自然生物进化出了独特的感官系统，使它们能够检测周围环境中的各种变化。感官系统具有众多感受器，如光感受器、机械感受器和化学感受器，这些感受器能检测各种类型的外部刺激，包括光、压力、振动、声音和化学物质。这些刺激被转换为电化学信号，然后传输到大脑，产生视觉、触觉、听觉、味觉和嗅觉。受感官系统生物学原理的启发，电子学的最新进展已在人工传感器中带来了广泛应用。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了受生物感官系统启发、利用柔软离子材料的人工传感器的最新进展。在关注其机械和电学特性的同时，介绍了这些离子材料的多种特性。从视觉、触觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉和接近感应这六个类别方面，研究了自然和人工传感系统的特征及工作原理。最后，我们探讨了在概述柔软离子传感器领域未来研究方向时必须克服的若干挑战。

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