Song Nianbin, Elbahnasawy Mostafa A, Weng Nan-Ping
Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
J Immunol. 2025 May 1;214(5):872-879. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae033.
Functional alterations with age are observed in all human systems, but the aging of the adaptive immune system displays both general changes affecting all individuals, and idiosyncratic changes that are unique to individuals. In the T cell compartment, general aging manifests in three ways: (1) the reduction of naïve T cells, (2) the accumulation of differentiated memory T cells, and (3) a reduced overall T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Idiosyncratic impacts of aging, such as changes in the TCR repertoires of altered memory and naïve T cells are shaped by each person's life exposures. Recent advancements in single-cell sequencing provide new information including the identification of new subpopulations of T cells, characteristics of transcriptome changes in T cells and their TCR clonotype with age, and measurement of individual cell age. Here, we focus on the changes in T cell subpopulations, transcriptomes and TCR repertoires in overall and antigen-specific T cell population with aging.
在人类所有系统中均观察到随年龄增长而出现的功能改变，但适应性免疫系统的衰老既表现出影响所有个体的普遍变化，也表现出个体特有的变化。在T细胞区室中，普遍衰老表现为三种方式：（1）初始T细胞减少，（2）分化记忆T细胞积累，以及（3）整体T细胞受体（TCR）库减少。衰老的个体特异性影响，如记忆T细胞和初始T细胞TCR库的变化，是由每个人的生活经历所塑造的。单细胞测序的最新进展提供了新信息，包括新的T细胞亚群的鉴定、T细胞转录组变化特征及其随年龄变化的TCR克隆型，以及单个细胞年龄的测量。在这里，我们关注衰老过程中总体T细胞群体和抗原特异性T细胞群体中T细胞亚群、转录组和TCR库的变化。
