Li Na, Xu Jiren, Li Yu, Elango Jeevithan, Wu Wenhui
Department of Marine Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Feb 21;26(5):1869. doi: 10.3390/ijms26051869.
In recent years, arginine-rich basic proteins have garnered significant attention due to their essential roles in various biological processes. However, the potential of marine-derived proteins in this domain remains largely unexplored. This study presents, for the first time, the isolation and purification of a 14.3 kDa protamine (SOP) from the mature spermatogonial tissues of . Additionally, we obtained an 18.5 kDa PEGylated derivative, SOP-PEG. The physicochemical properties of both SOP and SOP-PEG were comprehensively characterized using SEM, FTIR, CD, and TGA. PEGylation markedly altered the surface morphology, secondary structure, and thermal stability of SOP. In vitro studies demonstrated that PEGylation significantly enhanced the biocompatibility of SOP, leading to improved proliferation of L-929 fibroblasts. Furthermore, both SOP and its PEGylated derivative (SOP-PEG) regulated the cell cycle, activated the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and modulated anti-apoptotic mechanisms, suggesting their potential to support cell survival and facilitate tissue regeneration. Notably, SOP-PEG exhibited superior bioactivity, likely attributable to its enhanced delivery efficiency conferred by PEGylation. Collectively, these findings underscore the promising applications of SOP and SOP-PEG in regenerative medicine and highlight the pivotal role of PEGylation in augmenting the bioactivity of SOP.
近年来，富含精氨酸的碱性蛋白质因其在各种生物过程中的重要作用而备受关注。然而，海洋来源蛋白质在该领域的潜力在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本研究首次从[具体物种]成熟精原细胞组织中分离并纯化出一种14.3 kDa的鱼精蛋白（SOP）。此外，我们还获得了一种18.5 kDa的聚乙二醇化衍生物SOP-PEG。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、圆二色光谱（CD）和热重分析（TGA）对SOP和SOP-PEG的物理化学性质进行了全面表征。聚乙二醇化显著改变了SOP的表面形态、二级结构和热稳定性。体外研究表明，聚乙二醇化显著增强了SOP的生物相容性，导致L-929成纤维细胞增殖改善。此外，SOP及其聚乙二醇化衍生物（SOP-PEG）均调节细胞周期，激活PI3K-Akt信号通路，并调节抗凋亡机制，表明它们具有支持细胞存活和促进组织再生的潜力。值得注意的是，SOP-PEG表现出卓越的生物活性，这可能归因于聚乙二醇化赋予其更高的递送效率。总的来说，这些发现强调了SOP和SOP-PEG在再生医学中的应用前景，并突出了聚乙二醇化在增强SOP生物活性方面的关键作用。
