Wilcox Samantha M, Mulligan Catherine N, Neculita Carmen Mihaela
Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H3G IM8, Canada.
Research Institute on Mines and the Environment (RIME), University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 1;26(5):2230. doi: 10.3390/ijms26052230.
Mineral carbonation is a prominent method for carbon sequestration. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) is trapped as mineral carbonate precipitates, which are geochemically, geologically, and thermodynamically stable. Carbonate rocks can originate from biogenic or abiogenic origin, whereby the former refers to the breakdown of biofragments and the latter precipitation out of water. Carbonates can also be formed through biologically controlled mechanisms (BCMs), biologically mediated mechanisms (BMMs), and biologically induced mechanisms (BIMs). Microbial carbonate precipitation (MCP) is a BMM occurring through the interaction of organics (extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), cell wall, etc.) and soluble cations facilitating indirect precipitation of carbonate minerals. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a BIM occurring via different metabolic pathways. Enzyme-driven pathways (carbonic anhydrase (CA) and/or urease), specifically, are promising for the high conversion to calcium carbonate (CaCO) precipitation, trapping large quantities of gaseous CO. These carbonate precipitates can trap CO via mineral trapping, solubility trapping, and formation trapping and aid in CO leakage reduction in geologic carbon sequestration. Additional experimental research is required to assess the feasibility of MICP for carbon sequestration at large scale for long-term stability of precipitates. Laboratory-scale evaluation can provide preliminary data on preferable metabolic pathways for different materials and their capacity for carbonate precipitation via atmospheric CO versus injected CO.
矿物碳酸化是一种重要的碳封存方法。大气中的二氧化碳（CO）以矿物碳酸盐沉淀的形式被捕获，这些沉淀在地球化学、地质和热力学方面都是稳定的。碳酸盐岩可以源自生物成因或非生物成因，前者指生物碎片的分解，后者指从水中沉淀出来。碳酸盐也可以通过生物控制机制（BCMs）、生物介导机制（BMMs）和生物诱导机制（BIMs）形成。微生物碳酸盐沉淀（MCP）是一种通过有机物（胞外聚合物（EPS）、细胞壁等）与可溶性阳离子相互作用促进碳酸盐矿物间接沉淀而发生的BMM。微生物诱导的碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）是一种通过不同代谢途径发生的BIM。具体而言，酶驱动途径（碳酸酐酶（CA）和/或脲酶）对于高转化率生成碳酸钙（CaCO）沉淀、捕获大量气态CO很有前景。这些碳酸盐沉淀可以通过矿物捕获、溶解度捕获和形成捕获来捕获CO，并有助于减少地质碳封存中的CO泄漏。需要进行更多的实验研究，以评估MICP在大规模碳封存中对于沉淀物长期稳定性的可行性。实验室规模的评估可以提供关于不同材料的优选代谢途径及其通过大气CO与注入CO进行碳酸盐沉淀能力的初步数据。
