Chen Jian, Shi Zhongran, Luo Xiaobing, Chai Feng, Pan Tao, Feng Guanghong, Yang Caifu
Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
Institute of Structural Steels, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Feb 26;18(5):1036. doi: 10.3390/ma18051036.
High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels have garnered significant attention owing to their widespread applications across various industries, with weldability being a particularly critical aspect. However, the impact toughness of the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) remains a notable challenge under high-heat-input welding conditions. Despite existing research acknowledging the beneficial effects of micro-alloying elements on steel properties, there are still numerous uncertainties and controversies regarding the specific influence of these elements on the microstructure and impact toughness of the CGHAZ under specific welding conditions. To address this issue, this study presents a comprehensive review of the impact of common micro-alloying elements on the microstructure and toughness of the CGHAZ during high-heat-input welding. The results indicate that elements such as cerium, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, nitrogen, and boron significantly improve the toughness of the CGHAZ by promoting intragranular nucleation of acicular ferrite and inhibiting the coarsening of austenite grains. In contrast, the addition of elements such as aluminum and niobium adversely affect the toughness of the CGHAZ. These findings offer crucial theoretical guidance and experimental evidence for further optimizing the welding performance of HSLA steels and enhancing the impact toughness of the CGHAZ.
高强度低合金钢（HSLA）因其在各个行业的广泛应用而备受关注，其中可焊性是一个特别关键的方面。然而，在高热输入焊接条件下，粗晶热影响区（CGHAZ）的冲击韧性仍然是一个显著的挑战。尽管现有研究承认微合金元素对钢性能有有益影响，但关于这些元素在特定焊接条件下对CGHAZ的微观结构和冲击韧性的具体影响仍存在许多不确定性和争议。为了解决这个问题，本研究全面综述了常见微合金元素在高热输入焊接过程中对CGHAZ的微观结构和韧性的影响。结果表明，铈、镁、钛、钒、氮和硼等元素通过促进针状铁素体的晶内形核和抑制奥氏体晶粒粗化，显著提高了CGHAZ的韧性。相比之下，铝和铌等元素的添加对CGHAZ的韧性有不利影响。这些发现为进一步优化HSLA钢的焊接性能和提高CGHAZ的冲击韧性提供了关键的理论指导和实验证据。
