De Fazio Rosario, Di Francesco Antonella, Di Ciccio Pierluigi Aldo, Cunsolo Vincenzo, Britti Domenico, Lomagistro Carmine, Roncada Paola, Piras Cristian
Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Laboratory of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Foods. 2025 Mar 4;14(5):877. doi: 10.3390/foods14050877.
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the bioactive peptide profile of Podolica cow's milk. This dairy product is known for its nutritional properties related to the presence of peculiar lipids and is a typical breed traditionally reared in southern Italy. Using top-down peptidomics, we identified 2213 peptides in milk samples from four different farms, with 19 matching bioactive sequences. Bioactivities include dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antioxidant activity, enhanced calcium uptake, and other peptides with potential antimicrobial effects. DPP-IV-inhibitory peptides (e.g., LDQWLCEKL and VGINYWLAHK) suggest potential for type 2 diabetes management, while ACE inhibitors (such as YLGY and FFVAPFPEVFGK) could support cardiovascular health by reducing hypertension. Antimicrobial peptides such as SDIPNPIGSENSEK and VLNENLLR showed broad spectrum of activity against various harmful microorganisms, positioning Podolica milk as a promising source for natural antimicrobial agents. Additionally, peptides with osteoanabolic, antianxiety, and immunomodulatory properties further highlight the multifaceted health benefits associated with this type of milk. Our findings underline the functional richness of Podolica milk peptides with various bioactivity properties, which could enhance the value of derived dairy products and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. Future research will aim to explore these bioactivity properties in vivo, establishing a foundation for functional foods and supplements based on Podolica milk.
本研究的目的是鉴定和表征波多利卡牛奶的生物活性肽谱。这种乳制品因其与特殊脂质相关的营养特性而闻名，是意大利南部传统饲养的典型品种。使用自上而下的肽组学方法，我们在来自四个不同农场的牛奶样本中鉴定出2213种肽，其中19种与生物活性序列匹配。生物活性包括二肽基肽酶-IV（DPP-IV）抑制、血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制、抗氧化活性、增强钙吸收以及其他具有潜在抗菌作用的肽。DPP-IV抑制肽（如LDQWLCEKL和VGINYWLAHK）表明对2型糖尿病管理具有潜在作用，而ACE抑制剂（如YLGY和FFVAPFPEVFGK）可通过降低高血压来支持心血管健康。抗菌肽如SDIPNPIGSENSEK和VLNENLLR对各种有害微生物具有广泛的活性，这使波多利卡牛奶成为天然抗菌剂的有希望的来源。此外，具有骨合成代谢、抗焦虑和免疫调节特性的肽进一步突出了与这种牛奶相关的多方面健康益处。我们的研究结果强调了波多利卡牛奶肽具有多种生物活性特性的功能丰富性，这可以提高衍生乳制品的价值，并有助于可持续农业实践。未来的研究旨在体内探索这些生物活性特性，为基于波多利卡牛奶的功能性食品和补充剂奠定基础。
